Table 1.
Signs, symptoms and clinical manifestations in different influenza types
| Clinical symptoms | Aa N = 50 |
B N = 101 |
A/H1N1 N = 100 | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fever >38 °C | 39(78%) | 64(63%) | 62(62%) | 0.12 |
| Cough | 31(62%) | 68(67%) | 78(78%) | 0.08 |
| Rhinorrhoea | 10(20%) | 35(35%) | 19(19%) | 0.02 |
| Sore throat | 6(12%) | 12(12%) | 18(18%) | 0.4 |
| Shortness of breath | 14(28%) | 28(28%) | 47(47%) | 0.008 |
| Abdominal pain | 7(14%) | 21(21%) | 6(6%) | 0.009 |
| Vomiting | 16(32%) | 27(27%) | 17(17%) | 0.09 |
| Diarrhoea | 7(14%) | 11(11%) | 7(7%) | 0.4 |
| Vital signs | ||||
| O2 Saturation (mean ± s.d.) (%) | 94.0 ± 6.3 | 94.5 ± 7.3 | 91.8 ± 7.6 | 0.04 |
| Respiratory rate (per minute) | 31.2 ± 10.0 | 26.4 ± 14.4 | 30.5 ± 14.7 | 0.5 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 113.3 ± 17.1 | 112.1 ± 20.6 | 122.5 ± 24.2 | 0.003 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 66.5 ± 11.9 | 66.0 ± 13.2 | 73.0 ± 15.0 | 0.001 |
| Laboratory tests | ||||
| Leucocytes (1000/μl) | 10.4 ± 6.2 | 7.3 ± 5.4 | 8.9 ± 5.2 | 0.005 |
| Lymphocytes (1000/μl) | 2.1 ± 2.3 | 1.8 ± 3.1 | 1.7 ± 3.3 | 0.75 |
| Platelets (1000/μl) | 273.6 ± 185.2 | 206.4 ± 87.4 | 211.9 ± 86.7 | 0.002 |
| Neutrophils (%) | 69.8 ± 18.0 | 68.2 ± 17.7 | 71.1 ± 17.0 | 0.02 |
| Haemoglobin (g/dl) | 12.3 ± 1.3 | 12.5 ± 2.0 | 12.3 ± 2.2 | 0.73 |
| Complications | ||||
| Pneumonia | 7(14%) | 16(16%) | 34(34.0%) | 0.002 |
| Respiratory failure | 0(0) | 3(3%) | 7(7%) | 0.09 |
| Pleural effusion | 3(6%) | 2(2%) | 4(4%) | 0.4 |
| Shock | 0(0) | 5(5%) | 4(4%) | 0.3 |
| Intensive care admission | 2(4%) | 8(8%) | 9(9%) | 0.5 |
| Intubation and mechanical ventilation | 0(0) | 7(7%) | 5(5%) | 0.2 |
| Mortality | 0(0) | 4(4%) | 2(2%) | 0.3 |
| Hospitalisation | ||||
| Pre-admission symptom durationb | 4.0 ± 3.8 | 3.4 ± 2.8 | 3.8 ± 6.7 | 0.8 |
| Antiviral treatment | 43(86%) | 87(86%) | 96(96%) | 0.04 |
| Pre-treatment symptom durationb | 3.8 ± 3.0 | 3.8 ± 3.1 | 4.8 ± 7.0 | 0.3 |
| Hospitalisation durationb | 3.3 ± 2.6 | 3.7 ± 4.2 | 5.1 ± 5.7 | 0.04 |
| Patients, (N = 83) Galilee MC | 33(40%) | 48(58%) | 2(2%) | <0.001 |
| Patients, (N = 77) Ziv MC | 7(9%) | 18(23%) | 52(68%) | |
| Patients, (N = 91) Padeh MC | 10(11%) | 35(39%) | 46(50%) | |
| Age (years) | ||||
| <2 (N = 27) | 12(44%) | 7(26%) | 8(30%) | <0.001 |
| 2–4 (N = 21) | 7(33%) | 11(52%) | 3(15%) | |
| 5–17 (N = 68) | 16(24%) | 45(66%) | 7(10%) | |
| 18–49 (N = 56) | 6(11%) | 16(29%) | 34(60%) | |
| 50–64 (N = 29) | 4(14%) | 6(21%) | 19(65%) | |
| ⩾65 (N = 50) | 5(10%) | 16(32%) | 29(58%) |
MC, medical centre.
a
Influenza A = A/non-H1N1.
b
Duration in days.