FIGURE 2.

Effect of different nutrient limitation in a defined minimal medium on biomass evolution, nutrient uptake, oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production on bioreactor batch cultivations of Pencillium ochrochloron CBS123.823 carried out in bioreactors with 1.8 L working volume. The limiting nutrient was (A) glucose, (B,C) ammonium, (D) nitrate, (E) phosphate at pH 7, and (F) phosphate at pH 5. All cultures except for (C) NH₄-Cit were grown with glucose as carbon-source. The original carbon dioxide data in (C) above the vertical line were extrapolated with other parallel experiments as the carbon dioxide sensor in this experiment was saturated. Later experiments with this condition used a less sensitive sensor. Delimitation of growth phases were done as described in section “Materials and Methods.” Numbering of growth phases are according to Figure 1: I, lag phase; III, exponential phase; IV, deceleration phase; V, stationary phase; VII, declining phase. Upper panel, limiting nutrient (open squares), biomass (closed circles), ln(biomass) (open circles); lower panel: OUR, oxygen uptake rate (gray line); CER, carbon dioxide evolution rate (black line); TQ, transfer quotient calculated as CER/OUR (small open circles) (Royce, 1992). Note that some datasets depicted here or in Supplementary Files, namely in (B,E,F) have been expanded from previous works (Vrabl et al., 2009, 2012). Representative experiments are shown in this figure and further examples in Supplementary Figure S1.