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. 2019 Oct 16;9:1014. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01014

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Copyright © 2019 Soleyman-Jahi, Sadeghi, Pastaki Khoshbin, Khani, Roosta and Zendehdel.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Model proposed to describe summary clinical role of ghrelin in case of each cancer. The figure summarizes the potential local and systemic effects of ghrelin attributable to cancer biology (items listed in two purple boxes) as wells as the candidate factors that regulate these effects (the items inside surrounding circles). Furthermore, the potential mechanisms proposed so far for local effects of ghrelin are listed in the purple box below the list of local effects. The superscript numbers above each local effect correspond to the potential underlying mechanism(s) from the mechanisms list. The summary clinical role of ghrelin is built-up by relative contributions of local and systemic effects. Based on the direction and relative dominance of local and systemic effects, the summary effect on different aspects of cancer (the items in red box) could be promoting or protective.