Table 5.

Multivariate analyses for relation between AF (versus sinus rhythm) and all deaths on imputed data of patients recorded as HF, (N = 96,593)

	HR	95% CI		p value
Atrial fibrillation on ECG	1.08	1.05	1.12	< 0.0001
Breathlessness
NYHA I	1.00
NYHA II	1.07	0.98	1.16	0.123
NYHA III	1.17	1.07	1.27	< 0.0001
NYHA IV	1.30	1.19	1.41	< 0.0001
Peripheral oedema
None	1.00
Mild	1.08	1.03	1.14	0.002
Moderate	1.23	1.18	1.29	< 0.0001
Severe	1.46	1.39	1.53	< 0.0001
Palliative care follow-up	2.48	2.28	2.69	< 0.0001
Heart failure liaison service	0.87	0.83	0.91	< 0.0001
GP follow-up	0.65	0.61	0.69	< 0.0001
Care of the elderly follow-up	0.83	0.78	0.87	< 0.0001
Cardiology follow-up	0.63	0.60	0.66	< 0.0001
Previous AMI	1.13	1.09	1.17	< 0.0001
History of diabetes	1.07	1.04	1.10	< 0.0001
History of hypertension	0.92	0.90	0.95	< 0.0001
History of IHD	1.13	1.09	1.17	< 0.0001
History of valvular heart disease	1.22	1.18	1.26	< 0.0001
Age categories (years)
Min-54	1.00
55–64	1.47	1.33	1.62	< 0.0001
65–74	2.11	1.93	2.31	< 0.0001
75–84	2.89	2.63	3.18	< 0.0001
85 +	4.00	3.63	4.41	< 0.0001
Male	1.14	1.11	1.17	< 0.0001
LVH	0.89	0.83	0.94	< 0.0001
ACEi/ARB use	0.68	0.65	0.70	< 0.0001
Beta-blocker	0.78	0.75	0.81	< 0.0001
Thiazide	1.13	1.06	1.20	< 0.0001
Loop diuretic	0.76	0.71	0.81	< 0.0001
Digoxin	0.90	0.87	0.93	< 0.0001
Renal failure	1.13	1.06	1.20	0.002
Length of time in hospital (per 5 days)	1.02	1.02	1.03	< 0.0001

HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval, ECG electrocardiograph, NYHA New York Heart Association, AMI acute myocardial infarction, GP general practitioner, IHD ischaemic heart disease, LVH left ventricular hypertrophy, ARB angiotensin receptor blockers, ACI angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor