. 2019 Oct 22;7(20):e14223. doi: 10.14814/phy2.14223

Table 2.

Physiological data, perceived hunger, and fullness during hot water immersion (HWI) or control (CON). Data are means and standard deviations.

Parameter	Condition	Hot water immersion/Control (min)
Parameter	Condition	Pre	15	30	45	60 (post)
Core temperature (°C)*, † , ‡	HWI	36.9 ± 0.2	37.5 ± 0.3	38.0 ± 0.2	38.3 ± 0.2	38.6 ± 0.2
Core temperature (°C)*, † , ‡	CON	36.9 ± 0.3	37.0 ± 0.3	37.0 ± 0.3	36.9 ± 0.3	36.9 ± 0.4
Respiratory exchange ratio*†	HWI	0.77 ± 0.11	0.86 ± 0.10	0.87 ± 0.10	0.88 ± 0.15	0.89 ± 0.20
Respiratory exchange ratio*†	CON	0.80 ± 0.11	0.83 ± 0.08	0.82 ± 0.07	0.79 ± 0.05	0.79 ± 0.06
Resting metabolic rate (kJ·h⁻¹)^*†‡	HWI	346 ± 43	468 ± 76	515 ± 92	519 ± 95	538 ± 105
Resting metabolic rate (kJ·h⁻¹)^*†‡	CON	360 ± 90	419 ± 111	427 ± 131	395 ± 75	394 ± 82
Perceived hunger (0–10)†	HWI	6.4 ± 1.6		6.8 ± 1.6		7.9 ± 1.5
Perceived hunger (0–10)†	CON	6.9 ± 1.7		7.7 ± 1.6		8.0 ± 1.3
Perceived fullness (0–10)*, † , ‡	HWI	2.1 ± 1.3		3.4 ± 2.0		2.4 ± 1.5
Perceived fullness (0–10)*, † , ‡	CON	2.3 ± 1.3		2.0 ± 1.5		1.7 ± 1.6

Main effect of condition.

^{^†}

Main effect of time.

^{^‡}

Time × condition interaction (P < 0.05).