Table 4.

Results of multiple linear model analyses for assessing the relationship between stratified coffee intake and AD-CM, AD-CT, or WMH volume in non-demented individuals

Coffee intake	AD-CM		AD-CT		WMH
	B (95% CI)	p Value	B (95% CI)	p value	B (95% CI)	p Value
Model 1 a
Lifetime
<2 cup/day	Reference		Reference		Reference
≥2 cup/day	−0.007 (−0.034 to 0.021)	0.633	0.002 (−0.037 to 0.042)	0.910	0.237 (−0.990 to 1.464)	0.704
Current
<2 cup/day	Reference		Reference		Reference
≥2 cup/day	−0.009 (−0.037 to 0.019)	0.540	−0.001 (−0.041 to 0.040)	0.980	0.620 (−0.626 to 1.867)	0.328
Model 2 b
Lifetime
<2 cup/day	Reference		Reference		Reference
≥2 cup/day	−0.008 (−0.035 to 0.020)	0.580	0.003 (−0.037 to 0.042)	0.888	0.282 (−0.961 to 1.526)	0.655
Current
<2 cup/day	Reference		Reference		Reference
≥2 cup/day	−0.013 (−0.040 to 0.015)	0.369	−0.002 (−0.041 to 0.038)	0.935	0.674 (−0.591 to 1.939)	0.295
Model 3 c
Lifetime
<2 cup/day	Reference		Reference		Reference
≥2 cup/day	0.006 (−0.022 to 0.033)	0.678	0.008 (−0.033 to 0.048)	0.707	0.181 (−1.124 to 1.486)	0.785
Current
<2 cup/day	Reference		Reference		Reference
≥2 cup/day	0.001 (−0.027 to 0.029)	0.951	0.004 (−0.038 to 0.045)	0.864	0.612 (−0.714 to 1.938)	0.365

Aβ beta-amyloid, AD-CM Alzheimer’s disease signature cerebral glucose metabolism, AD-CT Alzheimer’s disease signature cortical thickness, WMH white matter hyperintensities, CI confidence interval, LCA lifetime cognitive activity, GDS geriatric depression scale, APOE4 apolipoprotein ε4

^aAdjusted for age, gender, education, APOE4, and clinical diagnosis

^bAdjusted for covariates in Model 1 plus, LCA score, occupational complexity, annual income status, vascular risk score, GDS score, smoking status, and alcohol status

^cAdjusted for covariates in Model 2 plus, duration of coffee intake and age of first coffee intake