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. 2019 Oct 22;9:15155. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-51691-y

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effect of pharmacological inhibition of PPARγ on the immuno-modulatory activity of bindarit. (a) Representative immunoblot showing the expression FABP4 in MM-6 cells left untreated (−/−) or treated with 100 ng/mL LPS (L) for 20 hours, in the absence (L/−) or presence of 300 μM bindarit (B) and 2 μM T0070907 (T), used alone or in combination (L/B− an L/B/T). Protein lysates were subjected to immunoblotting following 10% SDS-PAGE against the anti-FABP4 antibody. Actin was also probed with anti-actin antibody to confirm equal protein loading. Molecular weights (M.W.) of protein markers (in kDa) are shown on the left side. (b) Bar graph of the densitometric analysis of 5 independent experiments. The results were normalized with respect to the actin signal, and were reported as percentage of increase (±S.D.) with respect to the normalized value of the treatment with LPS. Significance is shown as P value calculated using a one-sample t-test. ^#P < 0.05 vs LPS (set to 100%). ^###P < 0.001 vs LPS. *P < 0.05. Inhibition of the production of IL-8 (c) and MCP-1 (d) from LPS-stimulated monocytes by bindarit (B, 300 μM) and T0070907 (T, 5 μM), used alone (B/− and −/I) or in combination (B/I). After treatment, chemokine contents were analyzed in the supernatants by AlphaLISA and were expressed as percentage of inhibition of LPS-stimulated cells. Values are means ± S.D. of five independent experiments, each performed in duplicate. Significance is shown as P value calculated using an unpaired t-test. ^###P < 0.001 vs LPS (set to 0%). *P < 0.05.