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. 2019 Oct 22;9:15155. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-51691-y

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Impact of bindarit on LPS-induced activation of cellular kinases. MM-6 cells were left untreated (−/−/−) or treated with 100 ng/mL LPS (L) for 20 hours, in the absence (L/−/−) or presence of 300 μM bindarit (B), used alone (L/B/−) or in combination with 5 μM BMS309403 (L/B/I). Cell lysates containing 200 μg of total protein were analyzed for the relative levels of site-specific phosphorylation of selected kinases, by using the human phospho-mitogen-activated protein kinase array kit. (a) Representative images of phospho-kinase arrays for each treatment captured by C-DiGit blot scanner. Each kinase is spotted in duplicate. The pairs of dots in each corner (with the exception of the negative control pair at the lower left corner) are positive controls. Each pair of the most positive kinase dots is denoted by an ellipse, with the name of the corresponding kinases. (b) Graphical representation of the array signal intensities of AKT-2, p38α and p38γ. Below each kinase the specific phosphorylation site(s) detected is (are) reported. Relative spot phosphorylation was quantified by normalizing pixel density of the positive control to 100 and was expressed as a fraction (±S.D.) of the value of LPS-treated cells (n = 2). Significance is shown as P value calculated using a one-sample t-test. *P < 0.05. Effect of pharmacological inhibition of AKT-2 and p38α on the immuno-modulatory activity of bindarit. Inhibition of the release of IL-8 (c) and MCP-1 (d) from LPS-stimulated monocytes by bindarit (B, 300 μM), the AKT-2 inhibitor CCT128930 (C, 5 μM) and the p38α inhibitor JX-401 (J, 1 μM), used alone (B/−/−, −/C/− and −/−/J) or in combination (B/C/− and B/−/J). After treatment, chemokine content was measured in the supernatants by AlphaLISA and was expressed as percentage of inhibition of the values obtained in LPS-stimulated cells. Values are means ± S.D. of four independent experiments each performed in duplicate. Significance is shown as P value calculated using an unpaired t-test. ^#P < 0.05 vs LPS (set to 0%). ^###P < 0.001 vs LPS (set to 0%). *P < 0.05.