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. 2019 Oct 22;10:4811. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-12695-4

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — Exposure to benzimidazoles leaves a major genomic footprint. a Tajima’s D surrounding the Hco-tbb-iso-1 locus on chromosome I. A total of 10-Mbp surrounding was considered (purple), of which 1 Mbp nearest to Hco-tbb-iso-1 is highlighted (green). Isolates compared included benzimidazole-resistant French (FRA.1), Guadeloupian (GUA), Namibian (NAM) or benzimidazole susceptible Australian (AUS.2), and Zaire (ZAI) isolates. Mean expected Tajima’s D (solid grey line) and 99% confidence interval (dotted line) were estimated from a 1000 simulated 10-Kbp wide sequences following MSMC-inferred demography. b Topology weighing analysis of a 100-Kbp window centred on Hco-tbb-iso-1. At each position, the weight of each of the three possible topologies inferred from 50 Kbp windows is overlaid. Topology 2 (dark green) corresponds to an isolation-by-distance history, whereas topology 3 (light green) would agree with shared genetic material between worm isolates from French mainland into Guadeloupe. The Hco-tbb-iso-1 locus is indicated by vertical dashed lines