Table 5.
Comparison of person-observations of participants who lost >−3% weight and person-observations of participants who gained >5% weight and suffered from psychological distress psychological distress 5 years later (at 10 years)
| Participants with weight loss (<−3%) and psychological distress (n = 337) | Participants with high weight gain (>5%) and psychological distress (n = 528) | p | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean/n | ±s.d./(%) | Mean/n | ±s.d./(% | ||
| Baseline characteristics | |||||
| Women | 121 | (35.9) | 189 | (35.8) | 0.98 |
| Age | 55.1 | ±9.4 | 47.7 | ±8.10 | <0.001 |
| Smoking | |||||
| Never-smoker | 173 | (52.1) | 277 | (53.6) | |
| Ex-smoker | 126 | (37.5) | 170 | (32.9) | |
| Current smoker | 35 | (10.4) | 70 | (13.5) | 0.23 |
| Physical activity | |||||
| Non/mild | 133 | (40.1) | 191 | (36.5) | |
| Moderate | 154 | (46.4) | 228 | (43.6) | |
| Vigorous | 45 | (13.6) | 104 | (19.9) | 0.058 |
| Alcohol consumption | |||||
| None | 79 | (23.7) | 111 | (21.3) | |
| Moderate | 155 | (46.6) | 273 | (52.4) | |
| Heavy | 99 | (29.7) | 137 | (26.3) | 0.25 |
| Sleep duration | |||||
| <7 h/day | 111 | (33.0) | 166 | (31.4) | |
| ⩾7 h/day | 225 | (67.0) | 362 | (68.6) | 0.49 |
| Disease status at baseline: | |||||
| CVD | 22 | (6.5) | 24 | (4.6) | 0.21 |
| Diabetes | 26 | (7.7) | 17 | (3.2) | 0.003 |
| Diabetes (self-reported) | 15 | (4.4) | 11 | (2.1) | 0.047 |
| Cancer | 13 | (3.9) | 6 | (1.1) | 0.008 |
| Disease status at end of weight change | |||||
| CVD | 39 | (11.6) | 39 | (7.4) | 0.035 |
| Diabetes | 40 | (11.9) | 24 | (4.6) | <0.001 |
| Cancer | 20 | (5.9) | 19 | (3.6) | 0.11 |
| Measures of adiposity | |||||
| Baseline BMI class | |||||
| Normal | 148 | (44.2) | 291 | (55.4) | |
| Overweight | 132 | (39.4) | 185 | (35.2) | |
| Obese | 55 | (16.4) | 49 | (9.3) | <0.001 |
| Weight loss in next 5 years | 78 | (23.1) | 112 | (21.2) | 0.16 |
| Weight gain in next 5 years | 146 | (43.3) | 205 | (38.8) | 0.073 |
| Psychological distress details | |||||
| Psychological distress at end of weight gain | 123 | (36.5) | 181 | (34.3) | 0.51 |
| Intake of antidepressants, antipsychotic or anxiety medication | |||||
| At baseline | 15 | (4.5) | 19 | (3.6) | 0.53 |
| At end of weight change | 16 | (4.8) | 32 | (4.8) | 0.41 |
| At outcome | 35 | (10.4) | 44 | (8.4) | 0.31 |
| Outcome GHQ | |||||
| GHQ score at outcome | 10.9 | ± 5.9 | 10.7 | ± 5.7 | 0.72 |
| Have you recently: | |||||
| Question 14 – felt constantly under strain? | 207 | (61.6) | 358 | (67.8) | 0.062 |
| Question 17 – been able to enjoy your normal day-to-day activities?a | 189 | (56.1) | 259 | (49.2) | 0.047 |
| Question 18 – been taking things hard? | 153 | (45.8) | 208 | (39.4) | 0.063 |
| Question 25 – felt that life is entirely hopeless? | 59 | (17.5) | 66 | (12.5) | 0.041 |
a
Reverse scored.