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. 2019 Sep 9;98(12):1376–1385. doi: 10.1177/0022034519872487

Figure 5.

Figure 5.

Smad7 ablation compromises cell proliferation via the enhanced canonical transforming growth factor–β (TGF-β) signaling. (A, B) Western blot analyses show the levels of p21, cyclin D1, and p-Smad2/3 in control and Smad7−/− tooth germ cells harvested at E15.5 (A) and at P0 (B) after 5 d in cell culture in the presence or absence of SB431542. (A′, B′) Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analyses of Cdkn1a and Ccnd1 expression in control and Smad7−/− tooth germ cells harvested at E15.5 (A′) and at P0 (B′) after 5 d in cell culture in the presence or absence of SB431542. (A′′, B′′) Growth curves, plotted from CCK8 assays, of control and Smad7−/− tooth germ cells harvested at E15.5 (A′′) and at P0 (B′′) in the presence or absence of SB431542. Statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t test. *P < 0.05. **P < 0.01. ***P < 0.001.