Table 5.

Summary of the best analytical performance for the immunosensors described and compared in this section of the review.

Immunosensor Prototype	Quantitative Analysis	Qualitative Analysis	Main Advantages	Main Disadvantages
Nano-Electrode Ensembles (NEEs) immunosensors for the detection of ovalbumin in paintings	✓	-----------------------------------	High selectivity and specificity for the proteins and organic binder recognition, more than FTIR traditional method	No quantification of the organic component in paintings and this could represent a lack of useful information for restorers
Nano-Electrode Ensembles (NEEs) immunosensors for the detection of egg yolk in tempera and paintings	✓	-----------------------------------	High selectivity and specificity for the proteins and egg yolk recognition, more than FTIR traditional method	No quantification of the organic component in paintings and this could represent a lack of useful information for restorers
Scanning Electro-Chemical Microscopy (SECM) immunosensors	✓	------------------------------------	Immunochemical stratigraphic SECM is excellent to selectively identify the organic components in the painting layers	Low reproducibility due to the passivation/fouling of the scanning/electrode-based tip Low Signal/to Noise Ratio

✓ Qualitative analysis is performed; --------------: this symbol means that the specific parameter is not reported in the paper.