. 2019 Sep;370(3):555–569. doi: 10.1124/jpet.119.258707

TABLE 4.

Representative different active materials coated on microneedle patches This is not an exhaustive list. The objective of this table is to provide an assortment of active materials that have been coated on microneedles, along with their respective ranges.

Active Material Coated	Coating Method	Total Amount Coated (Total Microneedle Shafts in the Patch That Are Coated)^a/b
Viruses and bacteria
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine	Dip	0.83 μg (5 microneedles)^a (Hiraishi et al., 2011)
Francisella novicida	Immersion	2.5 × 10⁶ CFU/ml (77 microneedles)^b (Chandler et al., 2018)
Human papillomavirus: Gardasil	Drop–gas jet	300ng–0.43 ng HPV vaccine (3364 microneedles)^b (Corbett et al., 2010)
Inactivated chikungunya virus	Drop–gas jet	0.38 μg (3364 microneedles)^b (Prow et al., 2010)
Inactivated polio virus	Drop–gas jet	1 D-antigen units (10,000 microneedles)^b (Muller et al., 2016)
Inactivated split influenza virus	Dip	3 μg (5 microneedles)^a (Koutsonanos et al., 2012)
Inactivated split influenza virus	Dip	30–45 μg (320 microneedles)^a (Kommareddy et al., 2013)
Inactivated split influenza virus	Drop–gas jet	37 ng (3364 microneedles)^b (McNeilly et al., 2014)
Inactivated split influenza virus	Drop–gas jet	15 μg hemagglutinin (10,000 microneedles)^b (Fernando et al., 2018)
Inactivated whole influenza virus	Dip	0.4 μg (5 microneedles)^a (Quan et al., 2009)
Inactivated whole influenza virus	Dip	3 or 10 μg (5 microneedles)^a (Koutsonanos et al., 2009)
Inactivated rotavirus vaccine	Dip	5 or 0.5 μg (5 microneedles)^a (Moon et al., 2013)
Live measles vaccine virus	Dip	200 or 1000 TCID₅₀ (5 microneedles)^a (Edens et al., 2013)
Pneumococcal-conjugate vaccine	Drop–gas jet	1 μg (21,400 microneedles)^b (Pearson et al., 2015)
Trivalent inactivated whole influenza viruses	Dip	6 μg ((5 microneedles)^a (Kim et al., 2016b)
Virus-like particles (VLPs)
Influenza VLPs	Dip	0.4 μg (5 microneedles)^a (Song et al., 2010)
Influenza VLPs	Dip	10 μg (5 microneedles)^a (Pearton et al., 2013)
Oligonucleotides
DNA vaccine (hepatitis C virus, nonstructural 3/4 A protein)	Dip	1.6 μg (5 microneedles)^a (Gill et al., 2010)
DNA vaccine (herpes simplex virus type 2 US6)	Drop–gas jet	400–4 ng (3364 microneedles)^b (Kask et al., 2010)
DNA vaccine (influenza virus hemagglutinin)	Dip	3.6 μg DNA (5 microneedles)^a (Kim et al., 2012)
DNA vaccine (influenza virus nucleoprotein)	Drop–gas jet	10 μg (3364 microneedles)^b (Fernando et al., 2016)
DNA vaccine (Leishmania)	Dip	20 μg DNA (10 microneedles)^a (Moreno et al., 2017)
Oligonucleotide	Dip	0.136 nmol (5 microneedles)^a (Luo et al., 2013)
siRNA	Dip	40 μg (10 microneedles)^a (Chong et al., 2013)
Peptides and proteins
Bevacizumab (antibody)	Dip	1.1 μg (5 microneedles)^a (Kim et al., 2014)
Bovine serum albumin (protein)	Dip	30 μg (64 microneedles)^a (Caudill et al., 2018)
Bovine serum albumin (protein)	Dip	20–100 μg (50 microneedles)^a (Andrianov et al., 2009)
Der p1 (house dust mite allergen protein)	Dip	25 ± 25 μg CpG (57 microneedles)^a (Shakya et al., 2018)
Desmopressin (peptide)	Dip	82 μg (642 microneedles)^a (Cormier et al., 2004)
Diphtheria toxoid (protein)	Layer-by-layer	0.05–0.6 μg (576 microneedles)^b (Schipper et al., 2017)
Ebola virus glycoprotein	Dip	0.63 μg (5 microneedles)^a (Liu et al., 2018)
Erythropoietin (protein)	Dip	200 μg (1950 microneedles)^a (Peters et al., 2012)
Exendin-4 (peptide)	Dip	0.5–4 μg (140 microneedles)^a (Liu et al., 2016)
M2e-flagellin (fusion protein)	Dip	1.4 μg (5 microneedles)^a (Wang et al., 2014)
Ovalbumin (protein)	Dip	25 ± 25 μg CpG (57 microneedles)^a (Shakya et al., 2017)
Ovalbumin (protein)	Drop–gas jet	5 μg OVA (3364 microneedles)^b (Ng et al., 2012)
Parathyroid hormone peptide	Dip	20, 30, 40 μg (1300 microneedles)^a (Daddona et al., 2011)
Peptides and CpG (oligonucleotide)	Layer-by-layer	5 to 6 μg (77 microneedles)^b (Zeng et al., 2017)
Recombinant human growth hormone (protein)	Dip	500 μg (1740 microneedles)^a (Ameri et al., 2014)
Salmon calcitonin (cyclic polypeptide)	Dip	1.5 μg (5 microneedles)^a (Tas et al., 2012)
Small molecules
5-Aminolevulinic acid	Dip	206–680 μg (57 microneedles)^a (Jain et al., 2016)
Alendronate	Dip	15 μg (190 microneedles)^a (Katsumi et al., 2017)
Bleomycin	Dip	62–518 μg (100 microneedles)^a (Lee et al., 2017a)
Calcein	Dip	0.13–21 μg (144 microneedles)^a (Chen et al., 2015)
Curcumin, 5-fluorouracil, sodium fluorescein	Inkjet	24–118 μg (50 microneedles)^a (Uddin et al., 2015)
Doxorubicin encapsulated in particles	Dip	0.6 μg (5 microneedles)^a (Ma et al., 2015)
Lidocaine	Dip	45–94 μg (316 microneedles)^a (Zhang et al., 2012b)
Lidocaine	Dip	290 μg (256 microneedles)^a (Baek et al., 2017)
Lidocaine	Dip (molten drug)	15 μg (5 microneedles)^a (Ma and Gill, 2014)
Paclitaxel	Dip	1 μg (9 microneedles)^a (Lee et al., 2014)
Sulforhodamine	Dip	132–835 ng (25 microneedles)^a (Chen et al., 2017)
Sulforhodamine	Dip	15 μg (57 microneedles)^a (Serpe et al., 2016)
Zolmitriptan	Dip	1.9 mg (1987 microneedles)^a (Spierings et al., 2018)
Zolmitriptan	Dip	3.8 mg (microneedle number unclear)^a (Kellerman et al., 2017)

^{^a}

Amount coated on microneedle shafts.

^{^b}

Amount delivered into skin (for coating methods that generate coatings on microneedle shaft and base of patch).