. 2019 Oct 21;180(1):17–25. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.4446

Table 3. Secondary Outcomes Between Groups, by Per-Protocol Analysis.

Variable	t-HELP (n = 132)	Usual Care (n = 115)	P Value
Severe delirium (MDAS score ≥18), No. (%)^a	2 (1.5)	11 (9.6)	.008^b
Change at discharge, median (IQR)
ADL	−5 (−10 to 0)	−20 (−30 to −10)	<.001^c
IADL	−2 (−2 to 0)	−4 (−4 to −2)	<.001^c
Declined on SPMSQ at discharge, No. (%)^d	1 (0.8)	8 (7.0)	.009^b
LOS, mean (SD), d	12.15 (3.78)	16.41 (4.69)	<.001^e

Abbreviations: ADL, activity of daily living; IADL, instrumental activity of daily living; IQR, interquartile range; LOS, length of hospital stay; MDAS, Memorial Delirium Assessment Scale; SPMSQ, Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire; t-HELP, Tailored, Family-Involved Hospital Elder Life Program.

^{^a}

MDAS score range: 0 to 30, with higher scores indicating more severe delirium; severe delirium defined as a score ≥18.

^{^b}

Statistical significance calculated with Pearson χ² test.

^{^c}

Statistical significance calculated with Mann-Whitney test.

^{^d}

SPMSQ score counts the number of errors, and all scores are adjusted by educational level: 0 to 2 errors indicate normal mental functioning; 3 to 4, mild cognitive impairment; 5 to 7, moderate cognitive impairment; and ≥8, severe cognitive impairment.

^{^e}

Statistical significance calculated with an unpaired, 2-tailed t test.