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. 2019 Oct 21;180(1):17–25. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.4446

Table 3. Secondary Outcomes Between Groups, by Per-Protocol Analysis.

Variable t-HELP (n = 132) Usual Care (n = 115) P Value
Severe delirium (MDAS score ≥18), No. (%)a 2 (1.5) 11 (9.6) .008b
Change at discharge, median (IQR)
ADL −5 (−10 to 0) −20 (−30 to −10) <.001c
IADL −2 (−2 to 0) −4 (−4 to −2) <.001c
Declined on SPMSQ at discharge, No. (%)d 1 (0.8) 8 (7.0) .009b
LOS, mean (SD), d 12.15 (3.78) 16.41 (4.69) <.001e

Abbreviations: ADL, activity of daily living; IADL, instrumental activity of daily living; IQR, interquartile range; LOS, length of hospital stay; MDAS, Memorial Delirium Assessment Scale; SPMSQ, Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire; t-HELP, Tailored, Family-Involved Hospital Elder Life Program.

a

MDAS score range: 0 to 30, with higher scores indicating more severe delirium; severe delirium defined as a score ≥18.

b

Statistical significance calculated with Pearson χ2 test.

c

Statistical significance calculated with Mann-Whitney test.

d

SPMSQ score counts the number of errors, and all scores are adjusted by educational level: 0 to 2 errors indicate normal mental functioning; 3 to 4, mild cognitive impairment; 5 to 7, moderate cognitive impairment; and ≥8, severe cognitive impairment.

e

Statistical significance calculated with an unpaired, 2-tailed t test.