Table 3.
Similarity of HRQOL scores and covariates by regular exercise status at wave 1
| N = 6182 | Regular exercise status | P-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No exercise (n = 2141) |
Irregular exercise (n = 2317) |
<150 min (n = 601) |
150–299 min (n = 332) |
≧300 min (n = 405) |
||
| PCS scorea,b | 52.3 ± 8.1 | 52.8 ± 7.3 | 54.7 ± 5.9 | 54.8 ± 5.1 | 54.5 ± 6.0 | < 0.001 |
| PF | 86.8 ± 21.2 | 87.2 ± 19.1 | 93.1 ± 12.3 | 93.4 ± 11.9 | 92.8 ± 13.4 | < 0.001 |
| RP | 79.7 ± 37.1 | 82.1 ± 35.0 | 86.6 ± 29.1 | 87.2 ± 28.4 | 88.2 ± 28.4 | < 0.001 |
| BP | 81.8 ± 21.0 | 83.9 ± 18.9 | 83.7 ± 18.0 | 85.7 ± 16.8 | 85.3 ± 18.8 | < 0.001 |
| GH | 62.0 ± 20.6 | 65.6 ± 19.8 | 68.1 ± 18.9 | 69.2 ± 17.6 | 70.3 ± 18.7 | < 0.001 |
| MCS scorea,b | 48.5 ± 9.3 | 50.2 ± 8.7 | 49.1 ± 8.2 | 50.9 ± 7.2 | 51.9 ± 8.2 | < 0.001 |
| VT | 63.1 ± 18.8 | 67.7 ± 18.1 | 67.2 ± 16.2 | 70.7 ± 17.0 | 73.7 ± 17.7 | < 0.001 |
| SF | 84.8 ± 18.4 | 86.7 ± 15.8 | 87.2 ± 14.1 | 89.2 ± 13.0 | 89.5 ± 14.5 | < 0.001 |
| RE | 82.9 ± 34.9 | 85.6 ± 32.5 | 85.1 ± 31.3 | 89.1 ± 28.5 | 88.6 ± 28.0 | 0.001 |
| MH | 69.9 ± 17.5 | 73.1 ± 16.6 | 72.1 ± 16.0 | 74.4 ± 15.0 | 77.3 ± 16.9 | < 0.001 |
| Gender (female)c | 56.1% | 58.9% | 42.9% | 48.8% | 45.9% | < 0.001 |
| Age (years)a,b,c | 51.1 ± 12.4 | 57.3 ± 13.6 | 46.2 ± 9.4 | 51.1 ± 10.0 | 55.8 ± 11.0 | < 0.001 |
| 30–64 years old | 85.3% | 70.9% | 96.7% | 90.7% | 80.2% | < 0.001 |
| ≧65 years old | 14.7% | 29.1% | 3.3% | 9.3% | 19.8% | |
| Education (years)a,b | 9.7 ± 4.6 | 9.4 ± 4.8 | 12.9 ± 3.3 | 11.8 ± 4.0 | 10.5 ± 4.1 | < 0.001 |
| Marital statusd | ||||||
| Living with the spouse | 87.4% | 90.0% | 87.6% | 91.8% | 90.1% | 0.016 |
| Living alone | 12.6% | 10.0% | 12.4% | 8.2% | 9.9% | |
| Tobacco smoking (yes)c | 24.0% | 12.3% | 21.1% | 15.4% | 15.6% | < 0.001 |
| Alcohol drinking (yes)c | 13.0% | 9.5% | 19.5% | 14.2% | 13.5% | < 0.001 |
| Betel-nut chewing (yes)c | 5.1% | 1.2% | 5.3% | 2.4% | 2.2% | < 0.001 |
| Psychiatric disorder (CHQ-12≧4)c | 29.8% | 25.3% | 24.4% | 22.5% | 19.7% | < 0.001 |
| # of chronic diseasesa,b,d | 1.64 ± 1.44 | 1.77 ± 1.51 | 1.32 ± 1.26 | 1.39 ± 1.28 | 1.58 ± 1.30 | < 0.001 |
| # of Medicationsa,b,e | 0.11 ± 0.39 | 0.10 ± 0.36 | 0.08 ± 0.33 | 0.07 ± 0.29 | 0.10 ± 0.35 | 0.425 |
Abbreviations: HRQOL Health-related quality of life, PCS Physical component summary, PF Physical functioning, RP Role limitations due to physical problems, BP Bodily pain, GH General health, MCS Mental component summary, VT Vitality, SF Social functioning, RE Role emotional, MH Mental health, CHQ-12 12-item Chinese Health Questionnaire, T2DM Type 2 Diabetes mellitus
a Mean ± SD (standard deviation); b by ANOVA; by c Chi-square test
d Self-reported and/or diagnosed chronic diseases, including T2DM, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, kidney disease, cardiac disease, stroke, hepatic disease, gout, osteoporosis, asthma, psychiatric disease, nerve-related disease, intestinal disease, Tuberculosis, and metabolic syndrome
e 4 pills, including refreshing drugs, sleeping pills, sedative medicine, and painkiller