Table 4.

Estimated direct medical cost (¥) of outpatients with different characteristics

Parameter	B	P*	Estimated Mean (95% CI)	P**
Age group (years)
≤ 14	Ref.	N.A.	5235 (2398–11,427)	< 0.001
15~64	−0.753	< 0.001	2466 (1136–5354)	0.056
≥ 65	−1.471	< 0.001	1202 (545–2651)	< 0.001
Gender
Female	Ref.	N.A.	2153 (983–4716)	< 0.001
Male	0.294	< 0.001	2889 (1331–6274)	0.910
Disease type
Endocrine and metabolic disease	Ref.	N.A.	2902 (1524–5526)	< 0.001
Skin disease	0.020	0.959	2961 (1100–7969)	< 0.001
Blood disease	1.089	< 0.001	8623 (4537–16,390)	< 0.001
Digestive disease	0.834	< 0.001	6681 (3483–12,813)	< 0.001
Bone disease	−0.141	0.773	2521 (799–7954)	< 0.001
Cardiovascular disease	0.701	< 0.001	5847 (2915–11,728)	< 0.001
Immunological disease	−3.927	0.010	57 (3–1233)	0.110
Kidney disease	0.213	0.756	3591 (809–15,935)	< 0.001
Number of complications
1	Ref.	N.A.	160 (76–338)	< 0.001
2	0.445	< 0.001	250 (118–529)	< 0.001
3	1.668	< 0.001	847 (393–1830)	0.234
4	1.784	< 0.001	952 (419–2163)	0.003
5	2.621	< 0.001	2199 (903–5358)	0.001
6	3.633	< 0.001	6051 (2180–16,797)	0.336
7	3.602	< 0.001	5864 (1954–17,597)	0.003
8	3.892	< 0.001	7835 (2133–28,780)	0.024
9	4.718	< 0.001	17,899 (4859–65,922)	0.128
> 10	5.108	< 0.001	26,452 (9963–70,228)	< 0.001
Payment type
Social Security Card	Ref.	N.A.	2696 (1800–4897)	< 0.001
Medicare Card	−1.044	< 0.001	1045 (634–1724)	0.006
Hospital Link Card	−0.579	< 0.001	1664 (1015–2726)	< 0.001
Hospital Self-Charge Card	−0.110	0.395	2660 (1550–4565)	< 0.001
Others	0.862	0.574	7032 (335–147,832)	0.690

*P value for coefficient B

**P value for estimated mean compared with observed mean