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TNBS treatment induced the gene expression of proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β. (A–C) Increased IL-1β mRNA expression observed in TNBS-treated mice in the presence of (A) 25-mg MP, (B) 50-mg MP, and (C) 75-mg MP. IL-1β expressions are not significantly different between the MP + TNBS and PP + TNBS groups, and between MP + VEH and PP + VEH groups. N = 5/group; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, and ****P < 0.0001 by two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc analysis.
