TABLE 2.

Summary of advanced capsule technologies

Drug	Capsule	Purpose	Advantage	Reference
Ga-citrate	Gelatin capsules	To study the gastrointestinal transit time	Extended release	Wagner et al. (2017)
Tributyrin	Whey protein and γ-cyclodextrin	To study In vitro release of butyric acid for the treatment of intestinal disorder	Controlled release	Donovan et al. (2017)
Sulforhodamine 101 (fluorescent probe as model drug)	Rhamnogalacturonan-I	For the treatment of colonic cancer and better protection of the drug throughout the GIT	Controlled release	Svagan et al. (2016)
Ivermectin	PCL elastomers	For extended release of anti-malaria drugs	Controlled and extended release	Bellinger et al. (2016)
Veledimex	Gelatin capsules	To regulate gene expression and studying the drug pharmacokinetics	Controlled release	Mulugeta et al. (2018)
Paracetamol	Sporopollenin exine capsules (SEC) with carboxymethyl cellulose and epichlorohydrin coating	To enhance bioavailability of paracetamol	Extended release	Alshehri et al. (2016)
Curcumin	Mesoporous silica microcapsules using N-hexadecyl palmitate (NHP) in Tween 40	To improve the stability and gastro-resistant delivery intestinal absorption of curcumin	Controlled release	Kim et al. (2016)
Probucol	Chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) microcapsules	To improve permeation properties of the drug	Targeted oral delivery	Mooranian et al. (2015)
Gliclazide	CDCA and sodium alginate	To enhance delivery of Gliclazide with CDCA in lower intestine with prolong release	Targeted oral delivery	Mathavan et al. (2016)
Fluorescent particles	Particle-in-particle	For effective colon cancer treatment	Targeted oral delivery	Ma et al. (2015)
Sodium salt of Furosemide	Microwells of poly-l-lactic acid with coating of Eudragit	To deliver the powdered drug to the target site throughout the GIT	Targeted oral delivery	Nielsen et al. (2015)
Insulin	Whey protein (WPI), polyglycerol and sodium alginate (SA) or carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) coating	To enhance oral drug delivery	Controlled release	Cardenas-Bailon et al. (2015)
Insulin	(PLGA)-lipid –PEG hybrid nanoparticles filled in gelatin capsules with hydro-proxy-propyl methyl cellulose phthalate polymer coating	To enhance bioavailability and protection against acidic environment	Controlled release	Yu et al. (2015)
Oxycodone	DETERx microsphere capsules	To enhance the bioavailability specially for patients with dysphagia	Controlled and extended release	Fleming et al. (2016)
Budesonide	Eudragit S-100 and L-100 gelatin capsules	To increase the lag time to target colon related diseases	Controlled release	Yehia et al. (2011)
Docetaxel	Surfactant based solid dispersions in gelatin capsule	To attain higher solubility and dissolution	Controlled release	Moes et al. (2011)