TABLE 4.

Summary of recent nanoparticle technologies applied in drug delivery

Drug	Nanosystems	Purpose	Reference
Insulin	l-valine and phenylboronic acid modified chitosan-based multifunctional nanocarrier	To overcome multiple barriers for oral insulin delivery	Li et al. (2017)
Insulin	PLGA and Pluronic F68 based nanoparticles	To enhance the bioavailability using negatively changed nanoparticles for better absorption	Czuba et al. (2018)
Curcumin	Folic acid conjugated PLGA–PEG copolymer based nanosystem	To carryout site specific release of hydrophobic anti-cancer drugs	Pillai et al. (2015)
Curcumin	N-carboxymethyl chitosan based nanoparticles	To enhance the drug delivery to lymphatic system	Baek and Cho (2017)
Curcumin	Polyacrylamide-grafted-xanthan gum based nanoparticles	To improve the bioavailability of drug for colon targeting	Mutalik et al. (2016)
Paclitaxel and curcumin	Folate conjugated lipid nanoparticles	To co-deliver both drugs to enhance uptake and inhibit multidrug resistant	Liu et al. (2017)
Cisplatin prodrug [Asplatin, c,c,t-[PtCl2(NH3)2(OH) (aspirin)]	Cholesterol–asplatin-incorporated mPEG-PLGA nanoparticles	To improve the oral delivery with improved efficacy and reduced toxicity	Cheng et al. (2015)
Doxorubicin	HN-1 medicated PEGylated DOX	To improve the penetration efficiency to oral squamous cell carcinoma	Wang et al. (2017b)
Triclabendazole	Chitosan 70/5 and Miglyol 812	To develop oral nanoformulation for anti-parasitic drugs	Real et al. (2018)
Cyclosporine A	Lipid nanoparticles	To enhance drug delivery	Guada et al. (2016)
Betulinic acid	PLGA based nanoparticles	For improved anti- hepatocellular carcinoma activity than the parent compound	Kumar et al. (2018)
Olmesartan medoxomil	Lipid nanoparticles	To enhance oral bioavailability	Kaithwas et al. (2017)
Epirubicin	PLGA based nanoparticles with PEG modification	To improve permeability across the ileum of Rodent	Tariq et al. (2016)
Scutellarin	Nanosystem based on chitosan derivatives	To enhance oral bioavailability	Wang et al. (2017)
Resveratrol	Zein-based nanoparticles	Improved oral bioavailability and anti-inflammatory effects	Penalva et al. (2015)
Superoxide dismutase	Zein-alginate nanoparticles	For steady state release of drug to decrease endotoxicity of IP administration	Lee et al. (2016)
Quercetin	Modified chitosan and alginate nanoparticles	To reduce blood glucose levels in diabetic rats	Mukhopadhyay et al. (2018)
Hesperetin	Nanocrystals of drug using phytantriol and lecithin with Pluronic F-127 or mannitol as surfactant	To improve site targeting using 2D and 3D arrays of nanocrystals	Shete et al. (2015)
Paclitaxel	Eudragit-coated nanorods	For better therapeutic response by taking advantage of less macrophagial consumption of the polymer	Yilmaz et al. (2016)
Platinum complex drugs	B-lactoglobulin-pectin encapsulated nanoparticles	To protect the drug through GIT using natural coating of pectin	Izadi et al. (2016)