Table 1.

Effects of cytokines upon inflammation and tumor phenotypes.

Cytokines	Inflammaton	Tumor	References
IL-4	anti-	pro-	3, 16, 17, 25
IL-5	anti-	pro-	3, 16,
IL-10	anti-	pro-	3, 16-20, 22-24
TGF-β1	anti-	pro-	3, 17, 18, 21, 22, 24
IFN-γ	pro-	anti-	3, 17, 18, 26-28, 30, 31
IL-17	pro-	pro-	17, 37, 38
MCP-1/CCL2	pro- (recruitment of monocyte)	pro-	5, 39, 44
IL-1α	pro-	pro-	40-45, 48, 49

Promotive (pro-) and antithetic (anti-) effects are denoted.