Table 4.
Association of Both Cellular and Serum Levels of Cox‐2 with Clinicopathological Parameters of SCCs Patients
| Clinicopathological parameters | Cellular expression of Cox‐2 | Serum level of Cox‐2 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases N = 153 | Cox‐2 Cyto +ve n (%) | P value | Cases N = 127 | Cox‐2 level (ng/ml) Median values | P value | ||
| +107 (69.9) | −46 (30.0) | ||||||
| Age (median 55 years, 23–85 years) | |||||||
| ≤50 | 35 | 30 (85.7) | 05 (14.2) | 0.512 | 34 | 15.76 | 0.352 |
| >50 | 118 | 77 (65.2) | 41 (34.7) | 93 | 20.10 | ||
| Menopausal status | |||||||
| Pre | 29 | 21 (72.4) | 08 (27.5) | 0.700 | 18 | 19.23 | 0.488 |
| Post | 124 | 86 (69.3) | 38 (30.6) | 109 | 20.45 | ||
| Gravida (median 4; 1–11) | |||||||
| <4 | 36 | 25 (69.4) | 11 (30.5) | 0.313 | 29 | 15.11 | 0.165 |
| ≥4 | 117 | 82 (70.0) | 35 (29.9) | 98 | 20.72 | ||
| Parity (median 4; 1–9) | |||||||
| <4 | 78 | 53 (67.9) | 25 (32.0) | 0.265 | 63 | 19.23 | 0.836 |
| ≥4 | 75 | 54 (72.0) | 21 (28.0) | 64 | 19.74 | ||
| Contraceptiona | |||||||
| Yes | 21 | 11 (52.3) | 96 (72.7) | 0.400 | 16 | 15.84 | 0.527 |
| No | 132 | 10 (47.6) | 36 (27.2) | 111 | 20.19 | ||
| Habitsb | |||||||
| Yes | 40 | 12 (30.0) | 28 (70.0) | 0.744 | 28 | 21.92 | 0.181 |
| No | 113 | 95 (84.0) | 18 (15.9) | 99 | 19.00 | ||
| Tumor size (cm) | |||||||
| ≤4 | 68 | 31 (45.5) | 37 (54.4) | 0.002 | 51 | 11.79 | 0.0001 |
| >4 | 85 | 76 (89.4) | 09 (10.5) | 76 | 23.91 | ||
| Histopathological grade | |||||||
| G1 | 64 | 52 (81.2) | 12 (18.7) | 0.168 | 54 | 20.98 | 0.467 |
| G2 | 44 | 29 (65.9) | 15 (34.0) | 36 | 19.23 | ||
| G3 | 45 | 26 (57.7) | 19 (42.2) | 35 | 19.19 | ||
| Lymphatic involvement | |||||||
| Yes | 84 | 62 (73.8) | 22 (26.1) | 0.032 | 74 | 23.34 | 0.0001 |
| No | 69 | 45 (65.2) | 24 (34.7) | 53 | 13.44 | ||
| FIGO stage | |||||||
| I + II | 100 | 62 (62.0) | 38 (38.0) | 0.001 | 83 | 14.11 | 0.0001 |
| III + IV | 53 | 45 (84.9) | 08 (15.0) | 44 | 30.01 | ||
Chi‐square or Fisher exact test wherever applicable (for cellular expression of Cox‐2); Mann–Whitney U or Kruskal–Wallis test wherever applicable (for serum level of Cox‐2); P ≤ 0.05 is considered as significant; bold values indicate statistically significant.
aContraception includes only the use of oral contraceptive pills.
bHabits include tobacco chewing, smoking, and/or alcohol consumption; FIGO, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics; G1, well differentiated; G2, moderately differentiated; G3, poorly differentiated.