Table 2.
Epidemiological Data of Onychomyosis in Iran
| City | Year(s) | Method(s) | Occurrence | Predominant spp. (Y/D/NDM) | Age range | CIP | M/F ratio | Author reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tehran | 1987–1988 | DM + C + PT | 28.9% | C. albicans/T. rubrum/A. flavus | 0 up to 42 | Housewives | 100/168 | Moghaddami 36 |
| Tehran | 1996–1997 | DM + C + PT | 61.5% | C. albicans/T. interdigitale/ S. brevicaulis | 10–65 | N/A | 37/60 | Khosravi 31 |
| Tehran | 2000–2005 | DM + C | 30% | C. albicans/E. floccosum/ Acremonium spp. | N/A | N/A | 2,705/3,978 | Bassiri‐Jahromi 33 |
| Kashan | 2001–2003 | DM + C + PT | 19% | C. albicans/T. violaceum/ A. flavus | N/A | Students | 11/15 | Asadi 11 |
| Tehran | 2004–2005 | DM + C + PT | 47.9% | C. albicans/T. mentagrophytes/ A. flavus | 1–83 | N/A | 89/174 | Zaini 27 |
| Qazvin | 2004–2007 | DM + C | 40.2% | C. albicans/T. rubrum/A. niger | 1–79 | N/A | 56/68 | Aghamirian 10 |
| Isfahan | 2006–2007 | DM + C + PT | 39.8% | C. albicans/T. interdigitale/ A. flavus | 1–80 | Housewives | 178/310 | Chadeganipour 12 |
| Yazd | 2008–2009 | DM + C | 3.8% | N/A | 35–95 | N/A | 7/3 | Kafaie 30 |
| Tehran, Isfahan, Alborz, Kashan, and Mazandaran | 2009–2011 | DM + C + PCR‐RFLP | N/A | C. albicans/N/A/N/A | 7–88 | N/A | 69/291 | Mohammadi 29 |
| Tehran | 2007 | DM + C | 42.8% | C. albicans/T. mentagrophytes/ A. flavus | N/A | N/A | 57/159 | Hashemi 34 |
| Sari | 2003–2012 | DM + C | 56.8% | C. albicans/T. mentagrophytes/ A. flavus | 1–88 | N/A | 393/232 | Afshar 9 |
| Kermanshah | 1994–2010 | DM + C | 45.2% | C. albicans/T. rubrum/ A. flavus | N/A | Housewives | 278/808 | Mikaeili 35 |
| Tehran | N/A | DM + C | 56.4% | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Soltani 42 |
| Tehran | 2001–2002 | DM + C | 50.4% | C. albicans/T. mentagrophytes/ A. flavus | 0–70 | N/A | 36/91 | Gerami shoar 43 |
| Tabriz | 1996–2004 | DM + C | 7% | N/A/T. mentagrophytes/N/A | 1–70 | N/A | 25/16 | Kazemi 44 |
| Isfahan | 2007–2014 | DM + C + PT + PCR‐RFLP | 13.1% | C. albicans/T. interdigitale/ A. flavus | 1–82 | Housewives | 527/757 | Present study |
| Case reports | ||||||||
| City | Year | Method(s) | Toe/finger nail | Etiologic agent | Age (year) | Occupation | M/F | Author reference |
| Tehran | 2012 | Sequencing of the 28S regions of | Toenail | Aspergillus candidus | 60 | Housewife | F | Ahmadi (38) |
| Tehran | 2014 | Sequence analysis of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) domain | Toenail | Exophiala dermatitidis | 54 | Mountaineer | F | Falahati 39 |
| Ahvaz | 2005 | DM + C | Fingernail | Aspergillus favus | 60 | Housewife | F | Zarei Mahmoudabadi 41 |
| Kerman | 2007 | DM + C | Fingernail | Fusarium spp. | 51 | Garden worker | M | Mousavi 40 |
Y, yeast; D, dermatophyte; NDM, nondermatophyte mold; CIP, commonest infected population; DM, direct microscopy; C, culture; PT, physiological tests; N/A, nonavailable.