Table 1.

Roles of spag6 in Various Types of Cells and Organs

Cell Types	Functions	Target	Reference
Tracheal epithelial cells	cilia density, tissue-level polarity, axoneme orientation, beat frequency	core PCP genes	7, 13, 14, 15, 16
Neurons	migration neurogenesis and differentiation	cytoskeletal hypermethylation of the SPAG6 promoter CpG	19, 24, 27, 28, 30, 73
Outer hair cells	mechanosensory function, hearing generation	prestin; PCP proteins; FZD6	34, 35, 38, 39
Immune system	synapse disruption maintains T cell cytotoxicity, antigen presentation	centrosome	13, 33, 46, 47
Fibroblast cell	growth, morphology, migration, and ciliogenesis	acetylated tubulin microtubule	7, 51
Neuroblastoma	diagnosis	genes were methylated	61
MRD/ALL/MDS	apoptosis	p53 caspase PTEN/PI3K/AKT TRAIL	21, 22, 25, 29, 61, 62, 64, 68
Bladder cancer	diagnosis	promoter-related CpG island methylation	21
HGSOC/FTE	diagnosis	not detected	62
NSCLC	diagnosis	DNA methylation of SPAG6	63

MDS, myelodysplastic syndrome.