Table 1.

Association Between Podoplanin Expression and Clinicopathological Data of Patients

	Podoplanin expression
	Downregule (n = 19)		Upregule (n = 14)
Characteristic	N	%	N	%	P value
Age					0.622
Mean ± SD	54.89 ± 11.18		62.28 ± 9.817
Median	55		61
Smoking					1.00a
Yes	18	58.1	13	41.9
No	1	50	1	50
Alcohol					0.561a
Yes	1	33.3	2	66.7
No	18	60	12	40
Tumor differentiation					0.948
Well	1	50	1	50
Moderately	17	58.6	12	41.1
Poorly	1	50	1	50
Tumor localization					0.284
Supraglottic tumor	13	65	7	35
Glottic tumor	6	46.2	7	53.8
Regional lymph node metastasis					0.241a
Yes	7	77.8	2	22.2
No	12	50	12	50
Tumor stage					0.341
T1	0	0	2	100
T2	8	61.5	5	38.5
T3	8	66.7	4	33.3
T4	3	50	3	50
N stage					0.416a
N0	13	52	12	48
N1–3	6	75	2	25
Extra‐capsular spread of the lymph nodes					0.05a
Yes	5	100	0	0
No	14	50	14	50
Thyroid cartilage invasion					0.212
Yes	4	40	6	60
No	14	63.6	8	36.4
Lymphatic vessel invasion					0.486
Yes	8	66.7	4	33.3
No	11	52.4	10	47.6

^aFisher's exact test.