Table 1.
Overview of the 20 DSM-5 posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. Means, standard deviations and strength centrality and predictability.
| Number | Symptom | M (SD) | Strength | Predictability |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| B1 | Intrusive thoughts or memories | 1.74 (1.00) | 0.23 | 0.38 |
| B2 | Nightmares | 1.60 (1.01) | 1.60 | 0.46 |
| B3 | Flashbacks | 1.29 (1.11) | −0.13 | 0.31 |
| B4 | Psychological reactivity | 1.93 (1.01) | 0.74 | 0.39 |
| B5 | Physiological reactivity | 1.55 (1.10) | 1.08 | 0.43 |
| C1 | Avoidance of internal reminders | 1.85 (1.04) | −1.57 | 0.18 |
| C2 | Avoidance of external reminders | 1.55 (1.10) | −0.18 | 0.23 |
| D1 | Amnesia | 1.02 (1.03) | −1.66 | 0.18 |
| D2 | Negative trauma-related cognitions | 1.37 (1.16) | 0.35 | 0.30 |
| D3 | Distorted blame | 0.95 (1.05) | −0.56 | 0.21 |
| D4 | Persistent negative emotional state | 1.62 (1.01) | 0.46 | 0.33 |
| D5 | Diminished interest in activities | 1.23 (1.15) | −1.28 | 0.20 |
| D6 | Detachment from others | 1.13 (1.12) | 0.29 | 0.28 |
| D7 | Restricted affect | 1.29 (1.05) | 0.64 | 0.33 |
| E1 | Irritability/Anger | 0.99 (1.01) | 0.16 | 0.29 |
| E2 | Self-destructive or reckless behaviour | 0.48 (0.82) | 0.26 | 0.27 |
| E3 | Hypervigilance | 1.27 (1.14) | −2.15 | 0.14 |
| E4 | Startle Response | 1.17 (1.07) | −0.03 | 0.26 |
| E5 | Concentration problems | 1.32 (1.05) | 1.23 | 0.37 |
| E6 | Sleep disturbance | 1.86 (1.13) | 0.60 | 0.39 |
M = mean; SD = standard deviation.