Figure 5.

PPA suppresses senescence signaling in bone from in vivo young mice. (A) Proteins were isolated from L₄ vertebrae specifically for senescence marker SAβG (Beta‐Gal) activity measurement. (B, C) Total RNA were also isolated from L₄ vertebrae and precipitated bone marrow after spinning, real‐time PCR was used for determining PPARγ gene expression in all groups of mice. (D, E) Proteins were isolated from L₃ vertebrae of all groups of mice, and samples were pooled to three samples per group for Western blots p53/p21 and PPARγ protein expression. Ponceau S staining is shown for protein loading controls. (F) Real‐time PCR was used for determine β‐catenin mRNA expression in all groups of mice. (G) Western blots for b‐catenin and p38 protein expression in all group of mice. Data bars are expressed as mean ± SE (n = 10/group). Significant differences indicated by p < 0.05, *compared to control animals. SAβG = senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase; Beta‐Gal = beta‐galactosidase.