Table 2.

Linear mixed-effects Model 1 results quantifying the impact of nonmodal phonation on the linear relationship between subglottal pressure (Ps) and accelerometer (ACC) signal magnitude.

Condition	Estimate ± SE	Estimate ± SE wrt modal	df	p	r
Females
Intercept
Modal	−.69 ± .13	—	—	—	—
Breathy	—	.61 ± .04	1988.28	< .001*	.30
Strained	—	.30 ± .05	1988.48	< .001*	.14
Rough	—	.89 ± .04	2000.13	< .001*	.41
Slope
ACC × Modal	.60 ± .05	—	—	—	—
ACC × Breathy	—	−.21 ± .02	1985.85	< .001*	.27
ACC × Strained	—	−.09 ± .02	1987.29	< .001*	.11
ACC × Rough	—	−.26 ± .02	1999.23	< .001*	.32
Males
Intercept
Modal	−.41 ± .15	—	—	—	—
Breathy	—	.30 ± .05	1039.32	< .001*	.19
Strained	—	.37 ± .05	1078.92	< .001*	.23
Rough	—	.55 ± .05	1079.39	< .001*	.33
Slope
ACC × Modal	.49 ± .04	—	—	—	—
ACC × Breathy	—	−.09 ± .02	1049.16	< .001*	.14
ACC × Strained	—	−.04 ± .40	1079.31	.03	.07
ACC × Rough	—	−.07 ± .02	1080.44	.002	.10

Note. For the modal phonatory reference condition, the estimates of intercept and slope are shown. For the nonmodal phonatory conditions, the estimates of intercepts and slopes are shown with reference to (wrt) those for the modal phonatory condition. The standard error (SE), degrees of freedom (df), p value, and effect size (r) are reported for each estimate. A base-10 logarithmic transformation was computed for Ps and ACC values. The values in the breathy, rough, and strained estimate columns are in reference to the associated modal estimate values. Em dashes indicate data not applicable.

^* p < .01.