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. 2019 May 21;62(6):1739–1754. doi: 10.1044/2018_JSLHR-L-18-0324

Table 4.

Fixed effects.

Variable Model 1
Model 2
Model 3
Model 4
Model 5
Estimate SE Sig Estimate SE Sig Estimate SE Sig Estimate SE Sig Estimate SE Sig
PGUL
 SS 2.614 0.024 *** 2.591 0.024 *** 2.704 0.030 *** 2.794 0.029 *** 2.763 0.027 ***
 SE 2.310 0.046 *** 2.253 0.043 *** 2.375 0.051 *** 2.489 0.049 *** 2.513 0.049 ***
 ES −0.148 0.026 *** −0.190 0.025 *** −0.213 0.026 *** −0.236 0.027 *** −0.227 0.027 ***
 EE 0.427 0.033 *** 0.375 0.033 *** 0.434 0.035 *** 0.416 0.036 *** 0.405 0.036 ***
Age
 SS −0.050 0.002 *** −0.050 0.002 *** −0.051 0.002 *** −0.032 0.002 ***
 SE −0.058 0.003 *** −0.058 0.003 *** −0.061 0.003 *** −0.042 0.003 ***
 ES 0.028 0.001 *** 0.027 0.001 *** 0.027 0.001 *** 0.034 0.002 ***
 EE 0.041 0.002 *** 0.040 0.002 *** 0.040 0.002 *** 0.046 0.002 ***
Age × Age
 SS −0.001 0.000 *** −0.001 0.000 *** −0.001 0.000 ***
 SE −0.001 0.000 *** −0.001 0.000 *** −0.001 0.000 ***
 ES 0.000 0.000 * 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
 EE −0.001 0.000 *** −0.001 0.000 *** −0.001 0.000 ***
LowGram
 SS −1.422 0.100 *** −1.426 0.094 ***
 SE −1.420 0.151 *** −1.435 0.146 ***
 ES 0.368 0.097 *** 0.339 0.094 ***
 EE 0.250 0.115 * 0.219 0.110 *
Slope of LowGram
 SS 0.061 0.008 *** 0.054 0.008 ***
 SE 0.048 0.010 *** 0.043 0.010 ***
 ES 0.006 0.006 0.004 0.006
 EE −0.011 0.006 −0.011 0.006
MLU between
 SS −0.012 0.041
 SE 0.077 0.064
 ES −0.089 0.049
 EE −0.060 0.082
SI between
 SS 2.222 0.351 ***
 SE 2.290 0.618 ***
 ES 1.680 0.454 ***
 EE 1.882 0.790 *
MLU within
 SS −0.153 0.044 ***
 SE −0.203 0.067 **
 ES −0.152 0.056 **
 EE −0.352 0.090 ***
SI within
 SS −1.627 0.370 ***
 SE −1.979 0.639 **
 ES −2.571 0.503 ***
 EE −1.224 0.848

Note. PGUL = percentage of grammatical utterances; MLU = mean length of utterance; SI = subordination index; EE = English in English-only instruction; EB = English in bilingual instruction; SE = Spanish in English-only instruction; SB = Spanish in Bilingual instruction.