Figure 1.

Stepwise diagnostic algorithm used in investigation of suspected HIV-associated meningitis. Figure 1 demonstrates the diagnostic workup for adults with HIV, presenting with meningitis symptoms. This is a stepwise diagnostic algorithm, such that diagnostic tests are sequentially run until a positive diagnosis is made (as indicated in the gray boxes), and then no further investigations are employed. Participants with a positive finger-stick CrAg but negative CSF CrAg had additional “other meningitis” workup performed. Abbreviations: CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; LFA, lateral flow assay; LP, lumbar puncture; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; WBC, white blood cell count.