Figure 1.

Illustration of the combined strategy of reducing the latent proviral reservoir together with enhancing immune activity against HIV-1 to achieve a sustained remission of active infection off antiretroviral therapy (ART). The several approaches to targeting the latent proviral genome, as well as measures to improve host immune control of viral replication, are listed. To expedite the development of both types of cure strategies, laboratory assays that measure the size of the latent proviral reservoir and assays that measure anti-HIV host immune responses proven to contribute to reducing the latent proviral reservoir or to controlling viral replication in the absence of ART need to be developed and clinically validated as predictive of sustained remission of active infection.