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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Neurol. 2019 Jul 26;266(11):2752–2763. doi: 10.1007/s00415-019-09481-z

Fig 3. Lung area decrease, diaphragm elevation, and chest depression during a maximal expiration.

Fig 3

a) In addition to having larger sagittal plane lung areas after a maximal expiration, control participants had larger absolute decreases in lung area during maximal expirations (min) compared to participants with DMD (p<0.001). b) Diaphragm elevation and anterior-posterior (AP) chest depression were also significantly reduced in participants with DMD (ambulatory = closed black circles, nonambulatory = open black circles)compared to controls (gray circles). Several participants with DMD had paradoxical diaphragm movement during maximal expirations, and one participant (not the same outlier for diaphragm movement) had paradoxical chest movement. These cases correspond with the negative values in (b). c) Diaphragm elevation was significantly reduced in DMD compared to controls even after normalization to height (ht). *Indicates p<0.05