Table 3.
Estimates of socioeconomic inequalities in prevalence of hypertension and asthma by objective assessment and self-report (Indonesia, 2014)
| Hypertension | Asthma | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Objective assessment | Self-report | Difference | Objective assessment | Self-report | Difference | |
| Overall prevalence a | 22.25 | 10.14 | 12.11 | 5.03 | 2.94 | 2.09 |
| Education level | ||||||
| SPRb | ||||||
| Pre-primary | 23.23 | 9.83 | 13.40 | 6.04 | 2.94 | 3.10 |
| Primary | 22.76 | 10.15 | 12.61 | 5.49 | 2.45 | 3.04 |
| Lower secondary | 20.17 | 9.44 | 10.73 | 4.57 | 3.04 | 1.53 |
| Upper secondary | 21.90 | 11.11 | 10.79 | 3.27 | 2.98 | 0.29 |
| Tertiary | 21.29 | 10.07 | 11.22 | 3.37 | 3.74 | − 0.37 |
| RIIc (95% CI) | 1.29 (1.16–1.44) | 0.86 (0.74–0.99) | – | 3.05 (2.46–3.78) | 0.82 (0.65–1.04) | – |
| Income | ||||||
| SPRb | ||||||
| 1st quintiles | 22.97 | 9.52 | 13.45 | 6.06 | 2.66 | 3.40 |
| 2nd quintiles | 21.72 | 9.92 | 11.80 | 5.17 | 2.37 | 2.80 |
| 3rd quintiles | 21.99 | 10.00 | 11.99 | 4.83 | 2.86 | 1.97 |
| 4th quintiles | 22.08 | 10.72 | 11.36 | 4.68 | 2.91 | 1.77 |
| 5th quintiles | 22.41 | 10.65 | 11.76 | 3.87 | 3.93 | − 0.06 |
| RIIc (95% CI) | 1.02 (0.92–1.12) | 0.78 (0.69–0.90) | – | 2.1 (1.77–2.54) | 0.61 (0.49–0.77) | – |
| Location | ||||||
| SPRb | ||||||
| Urban | 22.64 | 10.45 | 12.19 | 4.73 | 3.13 | 1.60 |
| Rural | 21.75 | 9.71 | 12.04 | 5.40 | 2.67 | 2.73 |
| ORd (95% CI) | 1.08 (1.02–1.15) | 1.11 (1.03–1.20) | – | 0.84 (0.75–0.93) | 1.16 (1.01–1.32) | – |
| Province | ||||||
| SPRb | ||||||
| Java and Bali | 22.21 | 9.99 | 12.22 | 5.43 | 3.07 | 2.36 |
| Others | 22.32 | 10.37 | 11.95 | 4.06 | 2.76 | 1.30 |
| ORd (95% CI) | 0.99 (0.94–1.05) | 0.96 (0.89–1.04) | – | 0.81 (0.73–0.91) | 0.90 (0.78–1.02) | – |
aPer 100 persons; bSPR standardised prevalence rate, directly standardised to age and sex per 100 persons; cRII relative index of inequality; CI confidence interval; dOR odds ratio