Fig. 4.

Schematic of the preparation of Apt-IONPs@C@doxorubicin (DOX) NPs and internalization of Apt-IONPs@C@DOX NPs into cancer cells for chemo–photothermal combination therapy. Reprinted with permission from Zhao et al. (2019a), Analytica Chimica Acta. Copyright 2019, Elsevier (Zhao et al. 2019a)