Table 1.

Concentrations (mean±SD) of insulin, glucose, NEFA, and BHB and calculated indices of insulin sensitivity during days 60 to 120 of lactation in Holstein cows with BCS loss ≤0.75 and >0.75 at day 60

Variable	BCS loss at day 60	Days in milk (DIM)			P-value (for trend of changes through the study)
		60	90	120
Insulin (µIU/ml)	≤0.75 (n=11)	25.85 ± 10.35	31.27 ± 10.57	32.98 ± 7.89*	0.057
	>0.75 (n=17)	29.65 ± 10.37a	38.95 ± 9.84b	43.14 ± 11.51b*	<0.001
Glucose (mg/dl)	≤0.75 (n=11)	73.53 ± 15.45a**	55.41 ± 18.66b	61.45 ± 16.53b	0.039
	>0.75 (n=17)	58.56 ± 11.60ab**	64.84 ± 13.84a	51.56 ± 14.90b	0.112 (Q, 0.028)
NEFA (nmol/L)	≤0.75 (n=11)	0.35 ± 0.14	0.36 ± 0.12**	0.46 ± 0.15	0.054 (Q, 0.073)
	>0.75 (n=17)	0.34 ± 0.11a	0.49 ± 0.10b**	0.41 ± 0.11ab	0.040 (Q, 0.002)
BHB (µmol/L)	≤0.75 (n=11)	792.20 ± 256.46	753.23 ± 415.73	857.14 ± 611.12	0.689
	>0.75 (n=17)	823.53 ± 620.20	970.59 ± 545.77	861.34 ± 395.66	0.832
HOMA	≤0.75 (n=11)	4.68 ± 2.03	3.98 ± 1.28**	5.02 ± 1.93	0.607
	>0.75 (n=17)	4.23 ± 1.62a	6.18 ± 1.99b**	5.36 ± 1.83ab	0.037 (Q, 0.026)
QUICKI	≤0.75 (n=11)	0.310 ± 0.021	0.314 ± 0.013**	0.306 ± 0.016	0.496
	>0.75 (n=17)	0.313 ± 0.016a	0.297 ± 0.012b**	0.303 ± 0.015b	0.048 (Q, 0.008)
RQUICKI	≤0.75 (n=11)	0.368 ± 0.043	0.369 ± 0.021**	0.344 ± 0.026	0.093
	>0.75 (n=17)	0.371 ± 0.036a	0.328 ± 0.018b**	0.346 ± 0.025b	0.017 (Q, <0.001)
RQUICKI-BHB	≤0.75 (n=11)	0.387 ± 0.044	0.397 ± 0.036**	0.364 ± 0.042	0.145
	>0.75 (n=17)	0.399 ± 0.050a	0.336 ± 0.025b**	0.360 ± 0.034b	0.005 (Q, <0.001)

^{a, b} Different letters in the rows indicate to significant differences between sampling days (P<0.05). ^* and ^** Respectively P<0.05 and P<0.01 at the corresponding sampling day. NEFA: Non-esterified fatty acids, BHB: Beta-hydroxybutyrate, HOMA: Homeostasis model assessment, QUICKI: Quantitative insulin sensitivity check index, RQUICKI: Revised quantitative insulin sensitivity check index, BCS: Body condition score, and Q: Quadratic trend of change