Fig. 1.

Relationship between negative affect (NA) and stress vulnerability. Solid lines indicate positive relationships, while dotted lines indicate negative relationships. Vulnerability moderates the influence of events and environmental threats to produce NA. An event, which could be a benign social interaction, could turn into a stressful event through this moderation. Cognition and hallucinations/delusions are also posited in a causal relationship with the underlying GABAergic mechanism, but through different neurocircuitry than NA (figure 2). PVI, parvalbumin positive interneurons.