Table 1.
Study Characteristics
| First Author (Year) | N | % Female | Mean Age | Dxa Affective or FEP | Covariates | Trauma Measure | Cognitive Domains | Cognitive Measure | Nonindependent Samples (First Author [Year]) | Excluded From Main Analyses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aas (2011a)32 | 138 | 47.1 | 30.6 | FEP, including affective psychosis | Education and ethnicity | CECA.Q | Overall cognition, EF, WM, memory, attention | RAVLT, WMS-R, LNS, TMT, DS, Raven’s Colored Progressive Matrices | Aas (2012a)40 | |
| Aas (2011b)39 | 30 | 33.33 | 30.1 | FEP | N/A | CECA.Q | Overall cognition, WM, memory, attention | WMS III, TMT, SWM, WAIS III | -- | |
| Aas (2012a)40 | 83 | 37.3 | 27.4 | FEP | N/A | CECA.Q | Overall cognition, EF, WM, memory, attention | WAIS-R, Raven’s Colored Progressive Matrices, TMT | Aas (2011a)32 | √ |
| Aas (2012b)31 | 406 | 47.29 | 30.7 | Including affective psychosis | Age and gender | CTQ | Overall cognition, EF, WM, memory | CVLT, LNS, DS, WASI | Aas (2012c)36 Aas (2013)37 | |
| Aas (2012c)36 | 118 | 55.1 | 32.2 | Including affective psychosis | Age, gender, and paternal education | CTQ | Overall cognition, EF, WM, memory | WASI-III, LNS, DS, CVLT | Aas (2012a)40 Aas (2013)37 | √ |
| Aas (2013)37 | 249 | 51 | 30.7 | Including affective psychosis | Age, gender, diagnosis | CTQ | Overall cognition, EF, WM, memory | WASI, D-KEFS, LNS, DS, CVLT | Aas (2012a)40 Aas (2012c)36 | √ |
| Campbell (2013)29 | 30 | 40 | 31.8 | FEP, including affective psychosis | Premorbid IQ | TEC, PDS, TREQ | IQ, overall cognition, EF, WM, memory, attention | WASI, NART, Rey- Osterieth Complex Figure, Hayling & Brixton, Corsi Block Tapping | — | |
| Garcia (2016)24 | 79 | 36.8 | 25.3 | Including affective psychosis | Age, gender, education status | CTQ | Overall cognition, WM, memory, attention | MCCB | — | |
| Green (2014)26 | 617 | 32.74 | 39.7 | Including affective psychosis | COMT genotype | CAQ | Overall cognition, EF, memory, attention | COWAT, LNS, WAIS III, WTAR, RBANS |
Green (2015)41 | |
| Green (2015)41 | 444 | 32.7 | 39.7 | Including affective psychosis | FK506 binding protein genotypes | CAQ | Overall cognition, EF, memory, attention | WTAR, LNS, COWAT, RBANS | Green (2014)26 | √ |
| Kelly (2016)22 | 80 | 30 | 32.5 | Including affective psychosis | N/A | CTQ | Overall cognition | RBANS | — | |
| Killian (2017)63 | 56 | 25 | 23.8 | FEP | N/A | CTQ | Overall cognition, WM, memory, attention | RBANS | — | |
| Li (2017)21 | 162 | 64.19 | 37.8 | Including affective psychosis | N/A | CTQ-SF | Overall cognition, EF, memory, attention | RBANS | — | |
| Lysaker (2001)28 | 43 | 0 | 45 | Including affective psychosis | N/A | Clinical interview | Overall cognition, EF, WM, memory, attention | WCST, LNS, WAIS | — | |
| Mansueto (2017)30 | 532 | 24.4 | 27.6 | N/A | Age and gender | CTQ-SF | Overall cognition, EF, memory, attention | RST, WLT, CPT | — | |
| Quide (2017)20 | 50 | 56.5 | 37.7 | Including affective psychosis | N/A | CTQ | IQ, WM | WASI, NBack | bGreen (2014, 2015), Quide (2018) | |
| Quide (2018)38 | 79 | 43.04 | 42.52 | Including affective psychosis | Age and gender | CTQ | Overall cognition, memory, attention, WM | RBANS, LNS, COWAT | bGreen (2014, 2015), Quide (2017) | |
| Ruby (2017)23 | 17 | 28.57 | 31.5 | Including affective psychosis | N/A | ETI | IQ, overall cognition, EF, memory | WMS-R, WAIS, FAS | — | |
| Schalinski (2017)19 | 168 | 33.33 | 27.9 | Including affective psychosis | N/A | MACE | Overall cognition, WM, memory, attention | MCCB | — | |
| Schenkel (2005)27 | 40 | 37.5 | 41.9 | Including affective psychosis | N/A | Clinical interview | IQ, overall cognition, EF | COWAT, Hayling & Brixton Tests, Shipley IQ | — | |
| Shannon (2011)25 | 85 | 21.18 | 41.1 | N/A | IQ and current depressive symptoms | CTQ | Overall cognition, memory | WMS-III | — | |
| Sideli (2014)34 | 134 | 35.07 | 29.4 | N/A | N/A | CECA.Q | IQ, overall cognition, EF, WM, memory, attention | NART, WAIS-III, WMS-III, TMT, DS | — | |
| Van Os (2017)33 | 698 | 23.94 | 27.6 | N/A | Age, sex, ethnic group, education level, symptom score, and cannabis use | CTQ | IQ, overall cognition | WAIS IQ | — |
Note: CECA.Q, childhood experience of care and abuse questionnaire; COWAT, Controlled Oral Word Association Test; CTQ, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire; CVLT, California Verbal Learning Test; DS, Digit Symbol; EF, executive function; FEP, first-episode psychosis; LNS, letter number sequencing; MACE, Maltreatment and Abuse Chronology of Exposure; MCCB, MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery; NART, National Adult Reading Test; PDS, Post-Traumatic Diagnostic Scale; RAVLT, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test; RST, response shifting tasks; RBANS, Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status; SWM, Spatial Working Memory (from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery [CANTAB59]); TEC, Traumatic Experiences Checklist; TMT, Trail Making Test; TREQ, troubles related experiences questionnaire; WAIS, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale; WM, Working Memory; WMS-R, Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised; WTAR, Wechsler Test of Adult Reading.
aIndicates whether authors specified that FEP was recruited, as well as whether authors specified that sample included affective psychosis Dx individuals. N/A indicates that authors did not report either of the two.
bQuide (2017, 2018) and Green (2014 and 2015) both recruited from Schizophrenia Research Banks, therefore samples are not independent; whereas Quide reported IQ and working memory measures, Green (2014, 2015) reported overall cognition, EF, attention/processing speed, and verbal/visual memory. Because Green and colleagues’ sample size is larger, Green was chosen for overall cognition, whereas Quide et al. was designated for working memory and IQ domains.