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. 2019 Sep 18;28:101332. doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101332

Fig. 7.

Fig. 7

Effect of G6PD deficiency on social dominance in young mice, motor coordination with age, and executive function in both young and aging mice. Social dominance (A): The tube test was performed to assess dysfunction in social aggression. Columns indicate % wins of unique matchups for each group and the X-axis represents the G6pd genotype along with the number of matchups performed for each group. G6PD wild-type (+/y and +/+) normal mice won more matchups against sex- and age-matched (within 20 days) G6PD-deficient (def/y and def/def, respectively) counterparts. The number (n) above each bar denotes the number of mice of each genotype used for testing. Fisher's exact test was used to determine whether the scores were significantly different from the expected 50:50 win/loss outcome by chance. Asterisks indicate a difference from the expected 50:50 outcome (**p < 0.01, ****p < 0.0001). Motor coordination (B): Ledge balance test. The ability of mice to walk across a narrow ledge was scored on a scale of 1–4, with 4 indicating the worst performance. The final results were grouped according to ages divided into 200-day intervals. Statistical analyses were performed using two-way ANOVA, followed by a Bonferroni post-hoc test. No sex differences were apparent, so the data for males and females were combined for analysis. The number of animals per group were as follows: G6pd +/+, +/y combined (no alleles mutated) = 33, G6pd +/def (one allele mutated) = 52, G6pd def/def, def/y combined (all alleles mutated) = 37. Performance in all animals progressively declined with age (p < 0.0001), but the decline was accelerated in homozygous G6PD-deficient mice (γ = p < 0.05), with a significant difference occurring at an earlier age (400 days). Executive function (C–F): The puzzle box test was performed to assess executive function and problem solving in G6PD-deficient mice. Performance was analyzed using a curve analysis relating the latencies to enter with the rate of incomplete trials at a given point in time. Each box compares the performance of the two groups in trial 1 of the puzzle box test. The number of mice for each genotype is shown in parentheses beside the respective survival curve. Panel C: Young G6PD wild-type (+/+) normal females performed significantly better than G6PD-deficient (def/def) counterparts. Panel D: Aging G6PD wild-type (+/+) normal females performed significantly better than mutant G6PD-deficient (def/def) counterparts. Panel E: Young G6PD wild-type (+/+) normal females also performed significantly better than aged counterparts. Panel F: Young G6PD wild-type (+/+) normal females performed significantly better than young G6PD males (wild-type, +/y, and deficient, def/y). Statistical analysis was performed using a Kaplan-Meier curve analysis followed by the Mantel-Cox log-rank test. Probability (p) values are shown in each panel.