Table 1.

Key variables and their measures.

Key variables		Measures	Defintion
Attitudes
	Self-efficacy	One’s belief in one’s ability to succeed in specific situations.	Self-efficacy for information seeking [26].
Skills
	Cognition	Ability to process information, metacognition, and behavioral regulation, which all are important for learning and social behavior	Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test, Second Edition (assesses nonverbal cognition), and the Color Trails Test (assesses executive function) [27] provide standard scores. Both have been used extensively in Deaf populations [28,29].
	Reading literacy	Level of reading proficiency	reading grade level from the Test of Silent Contextual Reading Fluency, Second Edition [30]. This instrument is visual and provides a suitable tool for both Deaf and hearing populations.
	Electronic health (eHealth) literacy	Ability to seek out, find, evaluate and appraise, integrate, and apply what is obtained in an electronic or Web-based environment to solving a health problem.	eHealth literacy Scale (validated measure of Web-based and eHealth literacy) [31]. Adapted further for the Deaf ASLa users that includes whether Web-based information is accessible in ASL.
	Visualization of health information	Visualization patterns of the presented health information.	Actual through eye tracking software, which assesses the visualization of health-related information on 4 health topics [20,32].
Knowledge
	Health knowledge	Knowledge of cardiovascular health.	Wagner et al’s cardiovascular health knowledge measure [33].
	Language fluency	Level of expressive and receptive language proficiency.	(1) ASL-SRTb [34] and (2) Speaking Grammar Subtest of the Test of Adolescent and Adult Language, Third Edition [35]. Both will assess reception and expressive fluency in both ASL and spoken English. The ASL-SRT has been used extensively in Deaf populations [36,37].

^aASL: American Sign Language.

^bASL-SRT: American Sign Language Sentence Reproduction Test.