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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Oct 24.
Published in final edited form as: Fungal Biol Rev. 2017 Jan 18;31(2):99–112. doi: 10.1016/j.fbr.2016.12.003

Table1.

Examples of extreme environments occupied by melanotic fungi.

Earth Poles (Artic and Antarctic poles) (Tashirev et al., 2012) (Buzzini P, 2013) (Selbmann et al., 2013)
Tibetan Plateau (Third pole) (Dong and Yao, 2012; Robinson, 2001)
Extraterrestrial conditions (i.e. International Space Station) (Novikova et al., 2006; Onofri et al., 2008; Onofri et al., 2012)
Radioactive polluted areas (i.e. Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant) (Dighton et al., 2008; Ragon et al., 2011; Tesei et al., 2012; Vember and Zhdanova, 2001)
Organic and metal polluted areas (Ban et al., 2012; Isola et al., 2013; Vicente et al., 2008; Zhan et al., 2011; Zhang et al., 2008)
Hypersaline waters (Cantrell et al., 2011; Gunde-Cimerman and Zalar, 2014; Gunde-Cimermana et al., 2000; Zalar et al., 1999)
Acidic environments (Baker et al., 2004)
Dry desserts and semi-deserts (Durrell and Shields, 1960) (Durrell and Shields, 1960; Jiang et al., 2016)
Inside and surface of rocks (i.e. marbles, limestone) (Bogomolova and Minter, 2003; Burford et al., 2003; Cappitelli et al., 2007; De Leo et al., 2003; Friedman, 1982; Gorbushina et al., 2005; Gorbushina et al., 1993; Ruibal et al., 2009; Ruibal et al., 2005; Selbmann et al., 2008; Selbmann et al., 2013; Selbmann et al., 2015; Sert et al., 2007; Staley et al., 1982; Sterflinger et al., 1999; Sterflinger and Krumbein, 1997; Wollenzien et al., 1995)
(Diakumaku et al., 1995)
Residential washing machines and showers (Babic et al., 2015; Thrasher et al., 2012; Zupancic et al., 2016)
Deep sea hydrothermal vents (Le Calvez et al., 2009; Vandenkoornhuyse et al., 2002)