TABLE 5.

Exemplar quotes regarding PIP

Students engage in PIP	Example quote
Students engage with science intellectually.
Students participate in course-related activities.	So, you know, we’re doing the clicker exercises even though we’re not actually using the clicker. Sometimes you get that multiple choice and you have to try and figure out what it is.—Kayleigh
Students participate in non–course related activities.	We go home and watch documentaries and learn about stem cells and all this other stuff that’s going on and we come to class and see and learn all this stuff.—Lorenzo
Students engage in science culturally.
Students voice elitist and/or exclusive discourses.	If I were to pursue a doctorate or something in science it’s a little harder and it takes a little bit more, since it’s a male dominant community. It would definitely create some tension if I happened to study hard or work better than my male counterparts.—Amanda
Students voice inclusive discourses.	Who is science made for? I think that that all people could be scientists. We can all study science in whatever facet.—Tiffany
Students engage in science socially.
Students interact with students, LAs, and their instructors.	With this semester, I sit around with more people, and I kind of just talk to everyone around me.—Mai
Students interact around science material.	Within class, [the professor] separates us into groups, so every day we sit in groups, and we help each other through all the questions that we have and through notes and stuff throughout the classes.—Karen
Students get to know other actors personally.	[With the professor] being a mom and having a family, she’s a really easy person to talk to and not just about science but just about really anything that you have in your mind. You know, you can go to her office hours and she is always just kind of a person to talk to and she is a very familiar face to see her on campus and she’s also a very friendly face to see. So that’s kind of nice, to kind of have that warm welcome from her whenever you see her.—Amy There’s just something about [my instructor] that’s very nurturing in general. You know, she talks like a person … and gets the fact that being in school’s hard.—Kayleigh
Students want opportunities to interact but do not have them.	It feels like every time I say, “Let’s get together,” like [my classmates] all say “Sure,” but they don’t show up, and this is like the third time that it happened … And so every time I reach out to them and say let’s do this, I just get no response or I get declined and that’s why I’m not connected to them.—Alice
Students choose not to interact with others.	I feel uncomfortable asking [classmates] questions, just because I don’t want to be judged. Same with the professor and some of the older people in class who have more experiences with the sciences.—Brandy
Students have perceived leadership roles in class.	Within the first couple of weeks of the classes, everyone around me realized I was doing good on the tests and homework and knew the clicker questions. I feel like I got to a point where they relied on me for everything. Definitely all the clicker questions … It has helped me. In the sense that teaching someone is the best way to retain information and the way to learn.—Jason