Table 3.
Previously reported exposure risk factors in Cypriot PD cases and controls.
| Variable | Total | Cases | Controls | OR* (95% CI) | p-value** (LR) | p-trend*** (LR) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TOXIC AGENTS | |||||||
| No toxic agents | N (%) | 368 (53.3) | 108 (47.6) | 260 (56.2) | 1 | 0.001 | |
| Pesticides | N (%) | 216 (31.3) | 71 (31.3) | 145 (31.3) | 1.18 (0.82–1.7) | 0.37 | |
| Other chemical agents | N (%) | 79 (11.5) | 32 (14.1) | 47 (10.2) | 1.64 (0.99–2.71) | 0.05 | |
| Both | N (%) | 27 (3.9) | 16 (7.1) | 11 (2.4) | 3.50 (1.57–7.79) | 0.002 | |
| WELL WATER CONSUMPTION | |||||||
| No | N (%) | 297 (43.2) | 95 (42.0) | 202 (43.8) | 1 | 0.17 | |
| Yes, rarely | N (%) | 104 (15.1) | 24 (10.6) | 80 (17.4) | 0.64 (0.38–1.07) | 0.09 | |
| Yes, systematically | N (%) | 286 (41.6) | 107 (47.4) | 179 (38.8) | 1.27 (0.90–1.79) | 0.17 | |
| SEVERE HEAD INJURY | |||||||
| No | N (%) | 489 (71.0) | 144 (63.7) | 345 (74.5) | 1 | 0.03 | |
| Yes, with no fainting | N (%) | 86 (12.5) | 31 (13.7) | 55 (11.9) | 1.35 (0.83–2.18) | 0.22 | |
| Yes, with fainting | N (%) | 114 (87.5) | 51 (22.6) | 63 (13.6) | 1.94 (1.28–2.94) | 0.002 | |
| INTENSE STRESS/TRAUMATIC EXPERIENCE | |||||||
| No | N (%) | 215 (31.5) | 79 (35.6) | 136 (29.6) | 1 | 0.96 | |
| Yes, moderate | N (%) | 195 (28.6) | 46 (20.7) | 149 (32.4) | 0.53 (0.35-0.82) | 0.004 | |
| Yes, severe | N (%) | 272 (39.9) | 97 (43.7) | 175 (38.0) | 0.95 (0.66-1.38) | 0.81 | |
LR, Logistic Regression analysis.
*
Univariate non-adjusted Logistic Regression Model.
**
P-value nominal significance threshold = 0.05.
***
Bonferroni adjusted significance threshold = 0.01.
Significant p-values are marked in bold.