Table 2.

Sensitivity and specificity of criteria using BMO and combinations in the sacroiliac joints

Feature	Study	Criterion	n	Reference standard	Sensitivity	Specificity	LR+	LR–
BMO	Jans et al. [23]	BMO	517	Clinical diagnosis axSpA	0.65	0.75	2.60	0.47
	Weber et al. [27]	BMO ≥2 quadrants	177	Global MRI score	0.91/0.83a	0.90/0.90a/b	9.10/8.30a	0.10/0.19a
				Clinical diagnosis axSpA	0.73/0.39a	0.90/0.90a/b	7.30/3.90a	0.30/0.68a
	Weber et al. [11]	BMO ≥2 quadrants (ASAS definition)	157	Clinical diagnosis axSpA	0.8/0.42a	0.76/0.73a	3.37/1.54a	0.26/0.80a
	Wick et al. [17]	BMO	179	Clinical diagnosis axSpA	0.35	0.78	1.59	0.83
	Weber et al. [15]	BMO ≥2 quadrants (ASAS definition)	187	Clinical diagnosis axSpA	0.9	0.97	30.0	0.10
	Marzo-Ortega et al. [29]	BMO >0 (Leeds scoring)	76	Clinical diagnosis axSpA	0.82	0.42	1.41	0.43
BMO and erosions	Jans et al. [23]	BMO and erosion	517	Clinical diagnosis axSpA	0.77	0.81	4.05	0.28
	Weber et al. [27]	BMO and/or erosion ≥1 quadrant	177	Global MRI score	0.98/0.96a	0.90/0.90a/b	9.80/9.60a	0.02/0.04a
				Clinical diagnosis axSpA	0.82/0.51a	0.90/0.90a/b	8.20/5.10a	0.20/0.54a
	Weber et al. [11]	BMO ≥2 quadrants and ≥1 erosion (MORPHO definition)	157	Clinical diagnosis axSpA	0.88	0.72	3.14	0.17
	Weber et al. [15]	BMO and erosion	187	Clinical diagnosis axSpA	0.9	0.97	30.0	0.10
BMO and fat infiltration	Jans et al. [23]	BMO and fat	517	Clinical diagnosis axSpA	0.68	0.76	2.83	0.42
	Weber et al. [21]	BMO and fat	157	Clinical diagnosis nr-axSpA	0.39	0.91	4.33	0.67
				Clinical diagnosis AS	0.58	0.91	6.44	0.46

^aValues for two separate cohorts.

^bPre-determined specificity.

BMO: bone marrow oedema; LR: likelihood ratio; ASAS: Assessment of Spondyloarthritis International Society; nr-axSpA: non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis.