Table 1. Intervention strategies of ImTeCHO.

	mHealth Strategy as Intervention Activity	Type of Exposure	Intervention Provider
A	Mobile phone as job aid to ASHA to increase coverage MNCH care
	Longitudinal digital tracking of pregnant women and infants’ health status and services	Individual	ASHA
	Scheduling and activity planning in form of reminder to ASHAs to make home visits and mobilize for due services during VHND	Group	ASHA
	Decision support in form of digital checklist to encourage ASHAs to adhere to protocols during home visits. This included assessing and addressing barriers for behavior change at household level (e.g., birth preparedness, complication readiness)	Individual	ASHA
	Targeted client communication using multimedia to transmit targeted health information and improve counseling for behavior change communication	Group	ASHA
	Manage electronic health record of pregnant women and infants	Group	ASHA
	Notify stock levels and stock-out of health commodities	Group	ASHA
	Receive training content in form of multimedia files	Group	ASHA
B	Mobile phone as job aid to ASHA and ANM to facilitate care for mother, newborn, and child with complications
	Decision support in form of digital checklist and inbuilt algorithms to screen and risk-stratify a case with complications	Individual	ASHA
	Referral coordination to facilitate referral to functional facility and emergency transport	Individual	ASHA
	Communication to ANM and medical officer once complicated case is identified by ASHA in form of SMS and notification alert on medical officer dashboard	Group	ASHA, ANM, medical officer
	Decision support in form of display of customized management guidelines on mobile phone and web interface to help ASHA and medical officer manage complicated cases	Individual	ASHA, medical officer
	A counselor using a helpline dashboard provided telemedicine services. The helpline dashboard enabled the counselor to remotely monitor health data and provide remote consultation for case management to ASHAs, pregnant women, and mothers	Individual	Helpline counselor
C	Web interface to provide timely information and tools to medical officer and PHC staff to facilitate monitoring and supporting ASHA program
	Human resource management in form of list of health workforce cadres and monitor performance monitoring of ASHAs	Group	Medical officer
	Digital tracking of selected high-risk cases	Group	Medical officer
	Registration of birth and death events	Group	Medical officer
	Data synthesis and aggregation to provide monthly reports	Group	Medical officer
	Manage inventory and distribution of health commodities	Group	Medical officer
	Calculation and timely payment of incentive to ASHAs	Group	Medical officer
	Mass broadcast of motivational messages and training content to ASHAs using announcement feature	Group	Project team

Abbreviations: ANM, Auxiliary Nurse Midwife; ASHA, Accredited Social Health Activist; ImTeCHO, Innovative Mobile-phone Technology for Community Health Operations; MNCH, maternal, neonatal, and child health; PHC, Primary Health Center; SMS, Short Message Service; VHND, Village Health and Nutrition Day.