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. 2019 Oct 24;14(10):e0224313. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224313

Table 2. Clinical topics across the included reviews that reported on caesarean birth.

Clinical topic No. of reviews
Induction of labour (IOL), third trimester cervical ripening or augmentation of labour 25
Methods of fetal surveillance (e.g. FHR monitoring, ultrasound in pregnancy, fetal movement counting) 14
Prevention or treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) 10
Pharmacological, non-pharmacological, and alternative or complementary methods for pain relief in labour (e.g. Epidural, TENS, hypnosis, acupressure) 9
Oral supplements (e.g. Vitamin C, Vitamin D, Zinc) 6
Preventing or treating preterm birth 6
Types of or alternative methods for delivering antenatal care 6
Antenatal or intrapartum support (e.g. continuous one-to-one care in labour, additional social support) 3
External cephalic version 3
Pre-eclampsia 3
Amnioinfusion 2
Information about caesarean birth 2
Antenatal pelvimetry 1
Birth settings 1
Fundal pressure in the second stage of labour 1
Immersion in water 1
Manual rotation for malposition 1
Non-clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean birth 1
Partogram 1
Pre-labour rupture of membranes at term 1
Weight gain during pregnancy 1