Table 5. Interventions shown to affect adverse effects positively or negatively.

Author, Year	Intervention and comparator	Adverse effect; RR/OR (95% CI), number of trials; n = number of participants
Bond 2017	Planned early birth (IOL or CS) versus expectant management for women with PPROM 24 and 37 weeks’ gestation	Neonatal death RR 2.55 (1.17 to 5.56), 11 trials, n = 3316
Dowswell 2015	Antenatal care programmes with reduced visits for low-risk women with standard/usual care	Perinatal death RR 1.15 (1.01 to 1.32), 3 cluster trials
Grivell 2015	Antenatal CTG (both traditional and computerised assessments) in improving outcomes for pregnant women and their babies	Perinatal death RR 0.20 (0.04 to 0.88) 2 trials, n = 469
Gulmezoglu 2012	Policy of IOL at term or post-term compared with awaiting spontaneous labour or later IOL in pregnant women at or beyond term at low risk for complications	Perinatal death RR 0.31 (0.12 to 0.81), 17 trials, n = 7407
Hapangama 2009	Mifepristone for third trimester cervical ripening or IOL versus placebo/no treatment in pregnant women due for third trimester IOL carrying a viable fetus	Maternal adverse effects RR 1.51 (1.06 to 2.15), 4 trials, n = 734
Hofmeyr 2014	Amnioinfusion for meconium-stained liquor versus no amnioinfusion in women in labour with moderate or thick meconium staining of the amniotic fluid	Perinatal death RR 0.35 (0.18 to 0.66), 10 trials, n = 3913