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. 2019 Oct 18;7:228. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00228

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Copyright © 2019 Sweta, Dudnakova, Sudheer, Baker and Bhushan.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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lncRNA based diagnostics and therapeutic strategies. (A) Genome wide association studies (GWAS) help in the identification of lncRNA single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with disease susceptibility. These SNPs can alter the lncRNA expression in the body fluids or tissues which can serve as diagnostic or prognostic markers. In addition, improvements in RNA-sequencing technologies can lead to the identification of lncRNAs as biomarkers/disease targets in different diseases. (B) (i) Summarizes the potential approaches for lncRNA therapeutics, such as siRNAs that are associated with RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) bind and cleave the target lncRNA. ASOs and LNA-GapmeRs bind to the target lncRNA in sequence specific manner leading to RNase H mediated lncRNA degradation. CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing tool can make deletion or insertion in the DNA sequence of the target lncRNA to either enhance or abrogate its expression. (B) (ii) Demonstrates the different lncRNA delivery strategies such as direct injections, viral particles, or via encapsulation in nanoparticles.