Table 1.

Most common mutations in the individual codons of RAS proteins.

RAS protein	Malignancies	Codon	Amino acid substitution
HRAS	Dermatological Head and neck cancer	Codon 12: GGC (Gly, G)	12A, 12C, 12D, 12R, 12S, $12\text{V}$
		Codon 13: GGT (Gly, G)	13C, 13D, $13\text{R}$, 13S, 13V
		Codon 61: CAG (Gln, Q)	61H, 61K, 61L, 61P, $61\text{R}$
KRAS	Pancreatic carcinoma Colorectal cancer Lung malignancies	Codon 12: GGT (Gly, G)	12A, 12C, $12\text{D}$, 12R, 12S, 12V
		Codon 13: GGC (Gly, G)	13A, 13C, $13\text{D}$, 13R, 13S, 13V
		Codon 61: CAA (Gln, Q)	61E, $61\text{H}$, 61K, 61L, 61P, 61R
NRAS	Melanomas Hematopoietic malignancies	Codon 12: GGT(Gly, G)	12A, 12C, $12\text{D}$, 12R, 12S, 12V
		Codon 13: GGT (Gly, G)	13A, 13C, $13\text{D}$, 13R, 13S, 13V
		Codon 61: CAA (Gln, Q)	61E, 61H, 61K, 61L, 61P, $61\text{R}$

Amino acid substitutions identified at codon 12, 13, and 61 of each RAS protein, highlighting in red the most frequently observed. Gly and G, glycine; Gln and Q, glutamine; A, alanine; C, cysteine; D, aspartic acid; R, arginine; S, serine; V, valine; H, histidine; K, lysine; L, Leucine; P, proline; E, glutamic acid.