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. 2019 Oct 18;9:346. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00346

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Copyright © 2019 Zhu, Liu, Li, Zhang, Zhang, Chen, Zhao, Chen, Gu, Min and Zhang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Metabolic profiling analysis in IBS and Healthy controls. (A) Volcano Plots revealed that there were 31 significantly up-regulated metabolites (red dots) in IBS patients compared to the healthy controls. (B) Principal component analysis (PCA) showed markedly different component profiles between the two groups. (C) The heatmap profile showed that all metabolites detected were divided into seven clusters. The clusters A–C, and F were significantly upregulated in the IBS group as compared to the healthy controls.