Table 1.
List of important genes regulating peg development and consequently affecting yield.
| Sl. No. | Trait | Gene/protein identified during peg development | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Photosynthesis and light signal transduction |
Photosystem I reaction centre and chlorophyll a/b-binding protein | Xia et al. (2013), Zhu et al. (2013) |
| Photosystem II type 1 chlorophyll a/b-binding protein | Xia et al. (2013) | ||
| Photosystem II protein D1 | Zhu et al. (2013) | ||
| Photosystem II CP43 protein | Zhu et al. (2013) | ||
| Oxygen-evolving enhancer protein 1 (OEE1) | Zhu et al. (2013) | ||
| Oxygen-evolving enhancer protein 2 (OEE2) | Zhu et al. (2013) | ||
| Plastocyanin | Zhu et al. (2013) | ||
| Plastocyanin A | Zhu et al. (2013) | ||
| Ribulose-5-bisphosphate carboxylase | Zhu et al. (2013) | ||
| Rubisco activase | Zhu et al. (2013) | ||
| Thylakoid lumenal 29.8 kDa protein | Zhu et al. (2013) | ||
| Early light induced protein | Zhu et al. (2013) | ||
| Phytochrome kinase substrate 1-like protein | Zhu et al. (2013) | ||
| Phytochrome A | Zhao C. et al. (2015) | ||
| Phytochrome B | Zhao C. et al. (2015) | ||
| Phototropin | Xia et al. (2013) | ||
| Constans | Xia et al. (2013) | ||
| COP1 | Xia et al. (2013) | ||
| COP1 interacting protein 7 (CIP7) | Xia et al. (2013) | ||
| Gigantea | Xia et al. (2013) | ||
| Circadian clock-associated FKF1 | Xia et al. (2013), Zhu et al. (2014) | ||
| Putative early light induced protein | Zhu et al. (2014) | ||
| DNA damage-binding protein 1b | Zhu et al. (2014) | ||
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine dependent methyltransferase, predicted | Zhu et al. (2014) | ||
| Root phototropism protein (RPT) | Zhu et al. (2014) | ||
| Lipoxygenase | Zhu et al. (2014) | ||
| 2 | Gravitropism | ABC transporter ABCE.2 | Zhao C. et al. (2015) |
| ABC transporter family protein | Zhao C. et al. (2015) | ||
| white-brown-complex ABC transporter family | Zhao C. et al. (2015) | ||
| ABC transporter family protein | Zhao C. et al. (2015) | ||
| multidrug/pheromone exporter MDR family ABC transporter family | Zhao C. et al. (2015) | ||
| PDR-type ABC transporter 2 | Zhao C. et al. (2015) | ||
| Non-intrinsic ABC protein 6 (ATNAP6) | Zhao C. et al. (2015) | ||
| DnaJ protein | Zhao C. et al. (2015) | ||
| Microtubule-associated protein MAP65-1a | Zhao C. et al. (2015) | ||
| heat shock protein 22 | Zhao C. et al. (2015) | ||
| heat shock protein 60 | Zhao C. et al. (2015) | ||
| heat shock protein 70 | Zhao C. et al. (2015) | ||
| heat shock protein 83 | Zhao C. et al. (2015) | ||
| heat shock protein 90 | Zhao C. et al. (2015) | ||
| 3 | Mechanical stimulus | Vacuolar H(+) - ATPase subunit A | Zhao C. et al. (2015) |
| Vacuolar H + −ATPase B subunit | Zhao C. et al. (2015) | ||
| Plasma membrane H + −ATPase | Zhao C. et al. (2015) | ||
| Autoinhibited H+ ATPase | Zhao C. et al. (2015) | ||
| Autoinhibited calcium ATPase | Zhao C. et al. (2015) | ||
| Cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase | Zhao C. et al. (2015) | ||
| Peroxidase | Zhao C. et al. (2015) | ||
| Glutathione peroxidase | Zhao C. et al. (2015) | ||
| 4 | Hormone biosynthesis and response relative genes | Auxin conjugate hydrolase | Zhao C. et al. (2015) |
| Auxin-induced-related protein | Zhao C. et al. (2015) | ||
| Auxin-induced protein X10A | Zhao C. et al. (2015) | ||
| Auxin-induced protein 15A | Zhao C. et al. (2015) | ||
| Auxin-repressed protein | Zhao C. et al. (2015) | ||
| Auxin-responsive GH3 product | Zhu et al. (2014) | ||
| Auxin binding protein 1 | Zhu et al. (2014) | ||
| Auxin response factor 4 | Zhu et al. (2014) | ||
| Auxin response factor GTPase activator | Zhu et al. (2014) | ||
| Auxin efflux carrier | Zhu et al. (2014), Zhao C. et al. (2015) | ||
| Auxin efflux carrier protein 2 | Zhu et al. (2014) | ||
| Auxin efflux carrier component | Zhu et al. (2014) | ||
| Gibberellin 20-oxidase | Zhu et al. (2014) | ||
| Gibberellin 2-oxidase | Zhu et al. (2014) | ||
| Gibberellin 3-oxidase | Zhu et al. (2014) | ||
| Gibberellin regulated protein | Zhu et al. (2014) | ||
| Gibberellin receptor GID1 | Zhu et al. (2014) | ||
| GA-like protein | Zhu et al. (2014) | ||
| Ethylene-responsive transcription factor 1A | Zhu et al. (2014) | ||
| Ethylene-overproduction protein | Zhu et al. (2014) | ||
| Ethylene-responsive transciptional coactivator-like protein | Zhu et al. (2014) | ||
| Ethylene-forming-enzyme-like dioxygenase | Zhu et al. (2014) | ||
| ABA 8′-hydroxylase | Zhu et al. (2014) | ||
| ABA-glucosyltransferase | Zhu et al. (2014) | ||
| Brassinosteroid biosynthetic protein LKB | Zhu et al. (2014), Zhao C. et al. (2015) | ||
| Brassinosteroid insensitive 1-associated receptor kinase 1 | Xia et al. (2013) | ||
| Brassinosteroid receptor | Zhao C. et al. (2015) | ||
| Brassinazole resistant 1 protein | Zhao C. et al. (2015) | ||
| 5 | Embryonic development relative genes |
Embryo-abundant protein EMB | Zhu et al. (2014) |
| Seed maturation protein PM39 | Zhu et al. (2014) | ||
| Late embryongenesis abundant protein | Zhu et al. (2014) | ||
| 51 kDa seed maturation protein | Zhu et al. (2014) | ||
| Ripening related protein | Zhu et al. (2014) | ||
| Late embryogenesis abundant protein 2 | Zhu et al. (2014) | ||
| alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase | Zhu et al. (2014) | ||
| 6 | Embryo abortion and Cell apoptosis relative genes |
Dead box ATP-dependent RNA helicase | Zhu et al. (2014) |
| Lethal leaf spot 1-like protein | Zhu et al. (2014) | ||
| Senescence-associated nodulin 1A | Zhu et al. (2014) | ||
| Senescence-related protein | Zhu et al. (2014) | ||
| Lethal leaf spot 1-like protein | Zhu et al. (2014) | ||
| Vascular associated death 1 | Zhu et al. (2014) | ||
| Leucine-rich repeat | Zhu et al. (2014) | ||
| NB-LRR type disease resistance protein Rps1-k-1 | Zhu et al. (2014) | ||
| NB-LRR type disease resistance protein Rps1-k-1 | Zhu et al. (2014) | ||
| R 8 protein | Zhu et al. (2014) | ||
| R 10 protein | Zhu et al. (2014) | ||
| candidate resistance protein KR1 | Zhu et al. (2014) | ||
| Putative senescence-associated protein | Zhu et al. (2014) | ||
| Late embryogenesis-abundant protein group 9 protein | Chen et al. (2013) | ||
| 7 | Energy and carbohydrate metabolism |
Fructose bisphosphate aldolase | Zhu et al. (2013) |
| Triosephosphate isomerase | Zhu et al. (2013) | ||
| putative stearoyl-acyl carrier protein desaturase | Zhu et al. (2013) | ||
| Class III endochitinase | Zhu et al. (2013) | ||
| 8 | Ca2+ regulation |
CAM5 (calmodulin 5); calcium ion binding | Zhao C. et al. (2015), Yang et al. (2017) |
| Calcium-binding protein | Zhao C. et al. (2015) | ||
| Endoplasmic reticulum-type calcium-transporting ATPase 4 | Zhao C. et al. (2015) | ||
| OST1 (open stomata 1); calcium-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase protein serine/threonine kinase | Zhao C. et al. (2015) | ||
| Calcium-binding EF hand family protein | Zhao C. et al. (2015) | ||
| 9 | Protein catabolic process |
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase | Zhu et al. (2013) |
| threonine endopeptidase | Zhu et al. (2013) | ||
| Polyubiquitin 1 | Zhu et al. (2013) | ||
| ubiquitin carrier-like protein | Zhu et al. (2013) | ||
| Proteasome subunit alpha type-7 | Zhu et al. (2013) |