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. 2019 Oct 14;13:1072. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01072

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Copyright © 2019 Yasugaki, Liu, Kashiwagi, Kanuka, Honda, Miyata, Yanagisawa and Hayashi.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The total amount of each sleep/wake stage was affected by WIRS. (A–C) Total amount of wake (A), NREMS (B), and REMS (C) (24 h, light phase, dark phase). (D) Ratio of REMS amount to the total sleep amount (24 h, light phase, dark phase). (E) Total amount of each sleep/wake stage in naïve mice 3 and 6 weeks after surgery. (A–D) N = 7, (E) N = 6. (A–D) ^∗p < 0.05, ^∗∗p < 0.01, one-way repeated measures ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s multiple comparisons test. (E) Paired t-test. (A–D) Data are a summary of the first 24 h of the 45 h recording periods and are presented as means ± SEM.